【作者】 张鑫；

【导师】 龙建成； 谢发强；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 交通运输工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市经济的发展,许多城市的交通需求呈爆炸式增长,由此造成的交通堵塞越来越严重。为了缓解道路交通拥堵,世界各国政府都大力鼓励人们乘坐公共交通工具出行。然而,高峰时段公共交通内部的拥挤,尤其是当乘客需求超过运输服务能力时,仍然经常困扰着通勤者。本文针对早高峰轨道交通拥挤问题,提出了四种不同的票价优化方案,其中阶梯票价优化方案不仅能够在降低系统总成本,而且在实际中易操作。本文的研究工作主要包括:首先,针对乘客同质情形提出了四种不同的票价方案。在乘客同质的前提下,又分不允许迟到和允许迟到两种情况进行讨论,相应的票价方案包括:单一票价、时变票价、单步票价以及多步票价方案。设计算例验证上述研究内容,如最优区间分界点、乘客分布以及灵敏度分析。然后,针对乘客异质的情形,相应的介绍了四种不同的票价方案。针对不允许迟到和允许迟到两种情况就单一票价、时变票价、单步票价以及多步票价方案四种票价方案进行讨论。通过分析推导得到乘客的出行成本、出行分布以及单步票价方案和多步票价方案下最优票价区间及相应的票价。最后,在阶梯票价方案下,分析了公共交通系统最优时的服务设计,包括最优时刻表,最优车次数及列车容量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to urban revitalization,many cities have witnessed explosive growth of traffic demand.The resulting traffic congestion has become more and more serious.In order to alleviate road traffic congestion,the governments over the world strongly encourage people to travel by public transport.However,peak-hour crowding in public transportation,especially when passenger demand exceeds transit service capacity,still often plagues commuters.In this paper,we propose four different fare optimization schemes for the early peak rail traffic crowding problem.Time-dependent fare scheme can not only reduce the travel system cost,but also be easy to operate in practice.The research work of this paper mainly includes the following:On the one hand,we compared four different fare schemes for passenger homogeneity.Under the premise of the homogeneity of passengers,there are two cases where there is no train late and there are trains late.The corresponding fare schemes include: flat fare,time-varying fare,single-step fare and multi-step fare scheme.Design examples to verify the above research,such as optimal interval demarcation point,passenger distribution and sensitivity analysis.On the other hand,we compared four different fare schemes for passenger heterogeneous.Under the premise of the homogeneity of passengers,there are two cases where there is no train late and there are trains late.The corresponding fare schemes include: flat fare,time-varying fare,single-step fare and multi-step fare scheme.Through analysis and derivation,the passenger’s travel cost and its travel distribution,as well as the two-step fare and the multi-step fare scheme,the optimal fare range and the corresponding fare.Finally,under the step-fare scheme,the service design of the system is analyzed,including the optimal timetable,the optimal number of vehicles and the train capacity.更多还原