【作者】 马彩霞；

【导师】 王吉庆；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 园艺学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是一个水资源和磷钾肥资源短缺的国家,研究农业的节水节肥技术具有特别重要的意义。利用有益微生物发酵制剂产生的有机营养物质或生物刺激物质,促进植物体对水分、矿质营养的吸收,实现节水节肥,提质增产的研究日益受到人们的认可和重视。以木质化、纤维化程度低的植物材料为原料、经土著优势有益微生物发酵制作的植物源酵素,含有多种植物生长所需的营养物质、生长刺激物质、生长调节物质,具有促进植物生长,提高品质,提高抗病性的作用。在营养液栽培生菜的条件下,本试验以稀释不同倍数的葎草酵素液分别进行替代矿质营养液的根施处理和叶面喷施试验处理,以100%矿质营养液和清水为对照,研究了不同处理对生菜生长、产量及品质的影响,以期为葎草酵素液的开发与应用提供参考依据。主要研究结果如下:葎草酵素液能促进生菜的生长,提高生菜的营养品质。稀释50倍的葎草酵素液以体积比替代25%的矿质营养液时,与对照相比生菜地上部干鲜重分别增加了 2.16%、4.51%,其可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、Vc含量及花青素相对含量分别比对照提高了 19.95%、38.82%、7.4%、63.64%;稀释300倍的葎草酵素液作叶面肥进行叶面喷施,其株高、茎粗、最大根长、地上部干、鲜重分别比对照的高了 3.59%、5.18%、31.63%、17.78%、12.37%,其可溶性糖含量、Vc含量、可溶性蛋白含量和花青素含量均高于对照,分别比对照提高了 13.64%、21.21%、42.67%、78.57%。葎草酵素液无论是替代矿质营养液根施还是叶面喷施,均能提高生菜叶片抗氧化酶的活性、增加矿质营养元素、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量。稀释50倍和100倍的葎草酵素液替代25%的矿质营养液,SOD酶活性分别比对照提高了 74.69%、89.98%,POD酶活性分别比对照提高了 10.82%、23.61%,CAT酶活性分别比对照提高了 27.54%、24.11%;稀释300倍的葎草酵素液进行叶面喷施效果最佳,能显著提高生菜钙的含置,且其SOD、CAT酶的活性分别比对照提高了 89.78%、50%,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别比对照提高了 25.71%、33.33%。葎草酵素液无论是替代矿质营养液根施还是叶面喷施,均能改善生菜的光合性能。稀释200倍的葎草酵素液替代25%的矿质营养液的效果最为显著的处理,在定植20天时,其生菜的净光和速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度及蒸腾速率较对照分别显著提高了 44.25%、14.13%、38.68%,稀释50倍、稀释150倍葎草酵素液替代矿质营养液的处理,其相关指标较对照处理提升的幅度均低于稀释200倍的处理,并且其产生最大提升幅度差异的时间也分别滞后了15天、10天;稀释300倍的葎草酵素液进行叶面喷施,能显著的增加生菜的净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间二氧化碳浓度,且显著降低生菜的蒸腾速率,在叶面喷施28天时相关指标达到达到极值。综上所述,葎草酵素液无论是替代矿质营养液根施,还是作为叶面肥叶面喷施,对生菜的生长、品质、抗氧化酶活性、矿质元素的积累及光合性能的提高均有促进作用,稀释50倍的葎草酵素液以体积比替代25%的矿质营养液根施、稀释300倍的葎草酵素液作叶面肥叶面喷施,增产提质效果均较佳,可以在生产上试用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country is snort of water,p ana k resources,so it is of great significance to study the technology of saving water and fertilizer in agriculture.The research on promoting the absorption of water and mineral nutrition,saving water and fertilizer,improving quality and increasing yield by making use of organic nutrients or biological stimulants produced by beneficial microbial fermentation agents has been increasingly recognized and valued by people.Plant-derived enzymes made from plant materials with low degree of lignification and fibrosis and fermented by beneficial microorganisms with indigenous advantages contain a variety of nutrients,growth stimulating substances and growth regulating substances required for plant growth,which can promote plant growth,improve quality and improve disease resistance.In order to provide a reference for the development and application of humulus scandens enzyme,this test compared with 100%mineral nutrients and water respectively,studied the different treatment effect on the growth,yield and quality of lettuce by replacing the mineral nutrient solution to make root treatment and spraying on the leaf with different dilution multiple enzyme liquid under the condition of hydroponic lettuce has been accomplished.The main research results are as follows:Humulus scandens enzyme can promote the growth and improve the nutritional quality of lettuce.Compared with the control group,the dry weight,fresh weight and the content of soluble protein,soluble sugar,anthocyanin and Vc of lettuce respectively increased by 2.16%,4.51%,19.95%,38.82%,7.4%and 63.64%,when the humulus enzyme diluted 50 times substituted with 25%mineral nutrient solution by volume ratio;The plant height,stem diameter,maximum root length,dry weight and fresh weight of lettuce was 3.59%,5.18%,31.63%,17.78%,12.37%higher respectively,besides the soluble sugar content,Vc content,soluble protein content and anthocyanin content were increased by 13.64%,21.21%,42.67%,78.57%respectively,when the Humulus scandens enzyme diluted 300 times used as a foliar application of foliar fertilizer.Either replacing the mineral nutrient solution to make root treatment or spraying on the leaf with Humulus scandens enzyme,The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of mineral nutrients,chlorophyll and carotenoids in leaf were all increased.Compared with the control,SOD activity was 74.69%and 89.98%higher respectively,POD enzyme activity increased by 10.82%and 23.61%respectively,CAT enzyme activity was increased by 27.54%and 24.11%respectively,when the humulus enzyme diluted 50 times and 100 times substituted with 25%mineral nutrient solution by volume ratio;Humulus scandens enzyme diluted 300 times sprayed on the leaf has the best effect,it can significantly increase the calcium content of lettuce,furthermore,the activities of SOD and CAT enzymes in the leaf of lettuce were increased by 89.78%and 50%respectively,and the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid were increased by 25.71%and 33.33%respectively.The light and performance of lettuce can be improved,either the Humulus scandens enzyme replacing the mineral nutrient solution to make root treatment or spraying on the leaf.The effect of the treatment that hunulus enzyme diluted 300 times substituted with 25%mineral nutrient solution by volume ratio is the most significant.Compared with the control,the net photosynthetic rate,the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and the transpiration rate of the lettuce that after planted twenty days significantly increased by 44.25%,14.13%and 38.68%respectively,When humulus scandens was diluted by 50 times or 200 times,the promotion extent of their relative indexes were lower than those when humulus scandens was diluted by 300 times.Moreover,the time for the difference of the maximum improvement amplitude was also delayed by 15 days and 10 days respectively.The leaf sprayed with humulus enzyme that diluted by 300 times can significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of lettuce,significantly reduce the transpiration rate of lettuce,and the relevant indexes reached the maximum value at 28 days after spraying.To sum up,the humulus enzyme can promote the growth,quality,activity of antioxidant enzyme,accumulation of mineral elements and improvement of photosynthetic performance of lettuce,either replacing the mineral nutrient solution to make root treatment or spraying on the leaf with it.Otherwise,the effect on increasing yield and improving quality by humulus enzyme diluted 50 times substituted with 25%mineral nutrient solution by volume ratio to make root treatment and Humulus scandens enzyme diluted 300 times sprayed on the leaf was both better.So they both can be used in production.更多还原