【作者】 王强；

【导师】 赵春风； 王珺；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 能源作为社会和经济发展的物质基础,是人类生活和生产的基本要素。人类对能源的需求随着社会的发展正在与日俱增,而化石能源却日益枯竭。核电现在作为一种技术成熟的高效、清洁能源,已经成为世界各国优先发展的新能源。核电在发展史上出现几次重大事故,一度引起人类对核电安全性的怀疑,甚至达到“谈核色变”的程度,成为核电发展的重要障碍。现如今核电站由于其特殊性己成为军事打击和恐怖袭击的重要目标之一,核电站在服役期间一旦发生爆炸,将导致核电站结构发生破坏,甚至造成核泄漏、人员伤亡等严重后果。因此,安全壳作为核电站的第一道防线和最后一道屏障,研究其在爆炸作用下的动态响应,对于提升安全壳的抗爆性能、保护核电站免遭破坏具有重要意义。本文针对核电站安全壳穹顶的60°配筋方式,开展了钢筋混凝土板的爆炸试验、数值模拟方法研究、爆炸作用下钢筋混凝土板的动态响应理论分析,参数化分析了普通配筋混凝土板和60°配筋混凝土板的抗爆性能、参数影响规律,提出了钢筋混凝土板的等效分析模型,并以此模型建立了安全壳模型,分析了内部爆炸作用下核电站安全壳的动态响应。主要研究工作如下:(1)开展钢筋混凝土板的爆炸试验研究,对比在不同条件下板的破坏状态以及板的破坏形式。同时采用有限元分析软件从等效塑应变、位移、压力、等效应力、最大主应力、最大剪应力和钢筋轴应力等七个方面分析钢筋混凝土板在爆炸作用下的动态响应。(2)探究钢筋混凝土板抗爆性能的影响因素,参数化分析了板尺寸、板厚、混凝土抗压强度、钢筋直径、钢筋间距、钢筋屈服强度、炸药当量、爆炸距离以及边界条件等对钢筋混凝土板在爆炸作用下动态响应及抗爆性能的影响;研究了各个参数对钢筋混凝土抗爆性能的影响程度以及变化规律。(3)研究60°配筋混凝土板在爆炸作用下的动态响应,将普通配筋混凝土板和60°配筋混凝土板的抗爆性能进行了对比分析;利用非线性拟合和非线性回归分析的方法得到了两种配筋方式混凝土板最大挠度与炸药当量和板厚的关系曲线,并提出了相应的计算公式。(4)提出一种钢筋混凝土板等效模型,依据等效模型建立了核电站安全壳计算模型,开展了内部爆炸作用下安全壳的动态响应研究,以位移为依据对安全壳在爆炸作用下最容易发生破坏的部位进行分析;分别研究了比例距离和混凝土抗压强度对安全壳内部爆炸作用下动态响应的影响规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a material basis for social and economic development,energy source is the basic element of the human life and production.With the development of society,the human requirement for the energy source is growing,while fossil energy is increasingly depletion.As a highly efficient and clean energy with mature technology,nuclear power has become a new energy source and given priority to its development of all countries in the world.However,several major accidents happened in the development history about nuclear power,and the safety of nuclear power caused human doubts.Even to the extent of talking about nuclear change,and this became the important obstacle of the development of nuclear power.Now,nuclear power plants have became one of the important tragets of military strikes and terrorists attacks.Once an explosion occurres at the nuclear power plant during service,it will lead to damage to the plants structure,even cause nuclear leakage,casualties and other serious consequences.Therefore,the containment shell serves as the first line of defense and the last barrier,and studying its dynamic response under explosion has a important significance to improve the blast resistance of the containment and protect nuclear power plants from damage.Aiming at the nuclear power plant containment shell with 60° configuration reinforcement,the tests,the numerical simulation,and the theoretical analysis of the dynamic response about the reinforced concrete slab under explosion were carried out.Base on the parametric study of the blast resistance and the influence rule of the reinforced concrete slabs with ordinary and 60° configuration reinforcement.Analytical model of the reinforced concrete slab was proposed.Subsequently,the containment shell model was established and the dynamic response of containment under the internal explosion was analyzed.The main research work was as follows:(1)The explosion tests of reinforced concrete slabs were carried out,and the damage state and mode of the slabs under different conditions were compared.In terms of the effective plastic strain,displacement,pressure,effective stress,maximum principal stress,maximum shear stress and reinforcement axial force,the dynamic response of reinforced concrete slab under explosion was analyzed using finite element analytical software.(2)To explore the influence factor about blast resistance of reinforced concrete slabs.the effects of slab sizes and thickness,compressive strength of concrete,rebar diameter,spacing and yield strength of rebar,explosive charge,stand-off distance and boundary conditions on the dynamic response of reinforced concrete slabs were analyzed adopting the parametric study method.The influence and change rules on the blast resistance of reinforced concrete slab caused by the different parameters were studied.(3)The dynamic response of reinforced concrete slab with 60° configuration was explored.and the blast resistance of the reinforced concrete slabs with ordinary and 60° configuration reinforcement was analyzed.Using the nonlinear fitting and regression analytical method,the relationship curves of maximum deflection of concrete slab with explosive charge and slab thickness were obtained,and the corresponding formulas were proposed.(4)Based on the proposed equivalent model of reinforced concrete slab,the finite element model of nuclear power plant containment was established.The dynamic response of containment under the internal explosion was carried out,and the most vulnerable part of the containment shell under internal explosion was analyzed based on the displacement.The influence rules about proportional distance and concrete compressive strength on the dynamic response of the containment shell under the internal explosion were studied.更多还原