【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 伏小勇； 刘凤奎；

【作者基本信息】 兰州交通大学 ， 环境工程（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国中西部铁路建设力度持续加大,路网覆盖和路网密度不断提升,铁路交通网络正在逐步完善。西部地区山脉纵横、地质多样,铁路建设规划不可避免的朝着高海拔长大隧道工程方向发展,也正是因为有了复杂地质条件下长大隧道施工技术的持续进步,才为高速铁路穿山越岭提供了必要的施工经验和技术储备。不同于中东部平原地区气候条件,西部地区海拔高、气压低、气候寒冷、空气稀薄,高原施工通风一直是隧道工程一大技术难题,是制约长大隧道修建的关键技术问题。它影响因素复杂,技术要求更高,不可能简单照搬低海拔地区隧道施工通风研究成果。高效的通风循环系统,良好的隧道作业环境,是维持机械设备正常运转,确保项目工期、安全、质量的必要条件,更是关系作业人员生命健康的安全底线。因此,通风方案的适宜性和合理性及实际通风效果,对于隧道顺利安全施工意义重大。本文依托敦格铁路当金山隧道施工通风的工程案例,利用文献研究、定性理论分析、定量通风计算、个案研究等方法,对高原地区长大隧道施工期通风技术及辅助保障措施进行分析研究。主要内容如下:论文着重阐述高原地区长大隧道修建施工通风的特点与难点;系统论述现有技术条件下隧道施工期主要通风方式的风流运行原理、优缺点分析及适用条件和施工布置要点,为通风方式选择提供参考依据;归纳整理指导隧道施工通风设计的相关流体力学理论、原理,为施工通风计算做好理论准备;总结归纳不同通风模式下,风量、风压的计算方法,作为通风设备选型依据,同时考虑相关技术参数的计算和选取。在以上研究工作基础上,结合敦格铁路当金山隧道《设计说明》、《施工组织设计》、《施工通风方案》等文件,分析说明项目概况、工程特点以及施工通风的难点,进而对2#斜井工区施工通风五阶段方案布置进行细致的研究,对通风计算、设备选型进行严谨的推演。2#斜井工区工程施工分为五个阶段,通风巷道包括斜井、平导、横通道、正洞及竖井部分,各作业面依施工顺序安排依次打开,隧道通风依工作面的推进分五阶段布置。由于有限空间内,多工作面同时作业、多工序相互干扰,需要依据经济性和可行性原则统筹考虑通风组织安排,是一项复杂且艰巨的系统工程。论文除了对通风专项方案排尘措施控制要点进行归纳总结,也对降尘、减尘等辅助措施进行了进一步补充和完善,并对隧道通风管理工作提出建议。不断调整优化施工通风方案的同时,施工技术革新、大型配套机械的使用等其他辅助措施也是减少粉尘污染,改善隧道环境的有效方法,应与通风方案一同纳入施工期隧道环境保障的统一考虑中。当金山隧道2#斜井工区施工通风方案在整个项目工期的实际应用中收到了良好的通风效果,各工作面通风要求得到满足,隧道作业环境基本达标,在作业人员健康、项目质量安全、工期进度等方面,有效保障了隧道顺利贯通。斜井、正洞和平行导洞肩负独头掘进通风重担,竖井及横通道分担各个工作面同时作业的通风压力,巧妙利用各通风巷道形成局部通风循环,协调、衔接施工各阶段通风工作,形成了复杂施工环境下动态、有序的通风循环系统。通过对案例的分析研究,得出了长距离独头掘进是影响长大隧施工通风的难点和重点、统筹利用辅助坑道(平行导洞、斜井、竖井)分阶段推进施工期的通风组织是解决隧道施工环境问题的有效方法等结论,可供高原长大隧道施工通风专项方案制定和现场施工组织安排借鉴,具有一定可推广性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous increase of railway construction in central and Western China,the coverage of road network and the density of road network are increasing,and the railway transportation network is gradually improving.The mountain ranges in Western China are various in vertical and horizontal directions and geology.Railway construction planning inevitably develops towards high altitude long tunnel project.It is precisely because of the progress of long tunnel and complex geological tunnel construction technology that the necessary construction experience and technical reserve are provided for high-speed railway to cross mountains.Different from the climate conditions in the central and Eastern plains,the high altitude,low air pressure,cold climate and thin air in the western region,highland construction ventilation has always been a major technical problem in tunnel engineering,and is a key technical problem restricting the construction of long tunnels.Because of its complex influence factors and higher technical requirements,it is impossible to simply copy the research results of tunnel construction ventilation in low altitude areas.Efficient ventilation circulation system and good tunnel working environment are the necessary conditions to maintain the normal operation of machinery and equipment,ensure the duration,safety and quality of the project,and are the safety baseline related to the health and life of the workers.Therefore,the suitability and rationality of the ventilation scheme and the actual ventilation effect are of great significance to the smooth and safe construction of the tunnel.Based on the construction ventilation case of Dangjinshan Tunnel on Dunge Railway,this paper analyzes and studies the ventilation technology and auxiliary safeguard measures during the construction of long tunnels in plateau area by means of literature study,qualitative theoretical analysis,quantitative ventilation calculation and case study.The main contents are as follows:This paper focuses on the characteristics and difficulties of ventilation in the construction of long and long tunnels in Plateau areas;systematically discusses the operation principle,advantages and disadvantages of main ventilation modes during tunnel construction under the existing technical conditions,analyses the applicable conditions and key points of construction layout,and provides a reference basis for the selection of ventilation modes;and summarizes and sorts out the guidance for tunnel construction.Relevant fluid mechanics theory and principle of ventilation design make theoretical preparation for construction ventilation calculation;summarize and summarize the calculation methods of air volume and pressure under different ventilation modes as the basis of ventilation equipment selection,and consider the calculation and selection of relevant technical parameters.On the basis of the above research work,combined with the documents of Dunge Railway Dangjinshan Tunnel such as Design Instructions,Construction Organization Design and Constrution Ventilation Scheme,this paper analyzed and explained the general situation of the project,engineering characteristics and difficulties of construction ventilation,and then carried out a detailed study on the five-stage layout of construction ventilation in 2#inclined shaft area.The ventilation calculation and equipment selection are strictly deduced.2#Inclined shaft construction is divided into five stages.Ventilation roadway includes inclined shaft,horizontal guide,cross passage,main tunnel and shaft.Each working face is opened in sequence according to construction sequence,and tunnel ventilation is arranged in five stages according to the advance of working face.Because of the interference of multi-working face and multi-working procedure in limited space,ventilation organization arrangement should be considered in accordance with the principle of economy and feasibility,which is a complex and arduous system engineering.In addition to summarizing the control points of dust removal measures for special ventilation schemes,the paper further supplements and improves the auxiliary measures such as dust reduction and dust reduction,and puts forward suggestions for tunnel ventilation management.While continuously adjusting and optimizing the construction ventilation scheme,other auxiliary measures such as construction technology innovation and the use of large supporting machinery are also effective ways to reduce dust pollution and improve the tunnel environment,which should be integrated into the unified consideration of tunnel environmental protection during construction.The ventilation scheme for the construction of the 2#inclined shaft area of Dangjinshan Tunnel has received good ventilation effect in the practical application of the whole project period.The ventilation requirements of each working face have been met.The working environment of the tunnel basically meets the standard.It effectively guarantees the smooth passage of the tunnel in the aspects of workers’health,project quality and safety,schedule and so on.Inclined shaft,main tunnel and parallel guide tunnel shoulder the heavy burden of ventilation in single heading excavation.The vertical shaft and cross channel share the ventilation pressure of each working face at the same time.They ingeniously use each ventilation roadway to form local ventilation cycle,coordinate and connect the ventilation work in each stage of construction,thus forming a dynamic and orderly ventilation circulation system in complex construction environment.Through case study,it is concluded that long-distance single-headed excavation is the difficulty and key point affecting the ventilation of long and long tunnel construction.It is an effective method to solve the environmental problems of tunnel construction by using auxiliary tunnels(parallel guide tunnels,inclined shafts and vertical shafts)to promote the ventilation organization in stages during the construction period,which can be used for long and long tunnels in plateau.It can be popularized to draw lessons from the formulation of special construction ventilation scheme and site construction organization arrangement.更多还原