【作者】 张波；

【导师】 周磊山；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 交通运输工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国城市轨道交通一直处于蓬勃发展阶段。一方面,客运需求与日俱增,线网规模不断扩大,对车底资源的需求越来越大;另一方面,为应对客流的时空变化特性,列车开行方案采用多种交路套跑形式也更为灵活。在此背景下,如何利用最少的车底优质地完成运输任务一直是业界关注的重点。本文以此为切入点,在归纳总结既有研究成果的基础上,对考虑车底检修计划下的车底运用计划编制优化研究与系统研发进行了探索。主要内容如下:(1)城市轨道交通车底运用理论阐述及问题分析。首先明确了车底运用的基本概念和主要分类,然后从客流特征、行车组织、检修规程三个方面对车底运用的影响因素进行了分析,最后基于既有车底运用计划编制策略的缺陷,制定了更合理的分段周期性循环求解策略,为后续模型的构建提供了明确的方向。(2)城市轨道交通车底运用计划编制模型构建。首先不考虑检修问题的影响,以车底运用接续等待成本和固定成本最低为目标建立了单日车底周转计划编制模型,并利用优化工具ILOG CPLEX进行小规模算例测试验证了该模型的准确性;然后基于此分析列车连续运行下的任务分配及检修问题,以车底运用的数量和均衡性为目标建立了车底分配与检修计划协同编制模型,从而形成了一套完整的编制模型。(3)模型求解算法设计。针对单日车底周转计划编制模型,通过分析列车运行线的接续特点,制定车底返回车场的时机选择和维持车场车底数均衡的方法,设计了改进的贪婪算法;然后在求解车底分配与检修计划协同编制模型时,结合车底运用问题的特点与既有的求解算法,最终选用了最大最小蚁群算法,并制定了智能引导策略以提升算法的准确性,为后续系统的研发提供了理论支持。(4)城市轨道交通车底运用计划编制系统设计与实现。基于上述模型的构建及求解算法设计,首先分析系统的功能需求,然后将系统设计为基础数据管理、单日车底周转计划编制、车底分配与检修计划编制三大模块,利用开发工具Microsoft Visual Studio 2017和C#编程语言研发了车底运用计划编制系统,并对各模块的界面和功能进行了详细的阐述,为后续的案例求解提供了技术手段。(5)案例分析。以某市轨道交通2号线为例,利用已研发的系统,首先分别求解出平日和双休日的车底周转计划,并对车底的有效利用率进行分析。然后以车底周转计划结果为基础数据,结合车底检修规程,求解出最终的车底分配与检修计划编制方案,最后通过对各项指标的分析验证了编制结果的合理性和高效性,表明了本文的车底运用计划编制优化方法及技术手段对于实际运营具有非常好的指导意义。图38幅,表22个,参考文献50篇。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,China’s urban rail transit has been in a period of vigorous development.On the one hand,passenger demand is increasing day by day,the scale of the network is expanding,and the demand of rolling stock resources is also increasing.On the other hand,in order to cope with the spatiotemporal variability characteristics of passenger flow,the running scheme of train adopts multiple forms of running path,which is more flexible.In this context,how to use the least rolling stocks to complete the transportation task excellently has been the focus of the industry.This article takes this as an entry point and explores optimal utilization plan and system development considering maintenance plan based on the summary of the existing research results.The main contents are as follows.(1)Application theory and problem analysis of urban rail transit rolling stocks.Firstly,the basic concept and main classification of the application of rolling stocks are defined,and then the influencing factors of the application of rolling stocks are analyzed from the three aspects of passenger flow characteristics,train operation organization,and maintenance procedures.Finally,based on the defects of the existing planning strategy of the application of the rolling stocks,the piecewise periodic cycle solution strategy of this paper is developed,which provides a clear direction for the subsequent model construction.(2)Establishment of model for rolling stocks’ scheduling.In the first place,the model of single-day connection plan of rolling stocks is established with the minimum of waiting cost and fixed cost as the objective,regardless of the impact of maintenance problems,and the accuracy of the model is verified by small-scale case using the optimization tool ILOG CPLEX.Then,based on the analysis of the problem of task allocation and maintenance under continuous running of trains,the collaborative programming model of rolling stocks’ allocation and maintenance is established with the number and balance of rolling stocks’ utilization as the goal,and a complete solution model is formed.(3)Algorithm design for model solution.According to the model of single-day connection plan of rolling stocks,the timing selection of rolling stocks’ return to the yard and the method of maintaining the balance of rolling stocks are worked out by analyzing the continuity characteristics of the running line,and the greedy algorithm is designed to solve the problem.Then,in solving the collaborative model of rolling stocks’ allocation and maintenance,combined with the characteristics of rolling stocks’application problem and existing solving algorithm,the maximum and minimum ant algorithm is finally selected,and the intelligent guidance strategy is developed to improve the accuracy of the algorithm.It provides theoretical support for the follow-up system research and development.(4)Design and implementation of the rolling stocks’ scheduling system.Based on the above model construction and algorithm design.Firstly,the system’s functional requirements are analyzed,and then the system is designed into three modules:basic data management,single-day rolling stocks’ connection plan compiling,rolling stocks’distribution and maintenance plan compiling,and the system is developed using the research and development tools Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 and C#programming language.The interface and function of each module are elaborated.It provides a technical means for the subsequent case solving.(5)Case design and result analysis.Taking urban rail transit line 2 of a city as an example,the developed system is used to solve the connection plan of rolling stocks on weekdays and weekends respectively,and the effective utilization rate of rolling stocks is analyzed.Then,based on the results of the connection plan of rolling stocks,combined with rolling stocks’ maintenance procedures,the final plan of rolling stocks’distribution and maintenance is solved.Finally,the rationality and efficiency of the compilation results is verified through the analysis of various indicators.It shows that the optimization method and technical means of rolling stocks application planning in this paper have a very good guiding significance for the actual operation.With 38 figures,22 tables and 50 reference literatures.更多还原