【作者】 张琳；

【导师】 谭海；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着现代足球运动职业化速度的加快,足球运动对裁判员和运动员的要求都在不断的提高。足球裁判员的专业素养、执法公平性直接关系到赛事的公平公正,如何加强足球运动裁判的专业素养,加强对足球运动裁判的培训管理显得非常重要。近年来我国女子足球发展迅猛,国内女子足球各种级别的比赛从数量到质量都大幅增加,由此带来的女子裁判员队伍的发展问题研究也就成为影响中国女子足球运动水平持续发展的重要之位置上来了。校园女子足球是中国女子足球的基础,因此对校园女子足球裁判队伍的培养与提高是至关重要的,应当从培养之初就应该有一个更高的要求和完善人才选拔体系及培训体系,在此基础之上,建立统一的培养标准,逐渐在全国范围内建设一支专业性强的女子足球裁判队,这样的女子足球裁判员队伍是保证整个中国女子足球运动能够不断地向更高水平进步的的重要元素。本文以我国校园女子足球裁判员队伍现状与管理模式为研究对象,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法对全国校园足球女子裁判队伍的基本情况、业务能力、管理模式等内容进行了详细的调查,在过对调查结果深入讨论分析的基础上揭示出校园足球女子裁判员队伍存在的问题,进而得出如下结论:1.我国校园女子足球裁判员队伍发展迅速,人数具有一定规模,年龄大多集中在20-30岁,年龄结构合理,学历以本科为主,职业多为教师、学生、教练,在地域分布上表现出地区性差异,高水平的女足裁判员均来自与足球发展较好的地区。2.我国校园女子足球裁判员大多为一级和国家级裁判员,年执法场次相对较低(1-10场),执法年限大都为1-10年;部分裁判员不太注重规则理论学习,外语水平整体不高,学习方式较为单一;校园足球女足裁判员每周体能训练的次数在2-4次;跑动选位、判罚能力,规则的理解、突发事件的处理、团队配合、抗压是校园女子裁判员执裁能力所存在的问题。3.校园足球女子裁判员管理在机构设置方面,裁委会部门、人员不够健全,缺少自下而上金字塔式布局;选拔方面,目前主要从:身体素质,执法水平,公正水平,理论知识水平,心理素质,道德修养等各方面进行考核,选拔的过程仍存在监管不到缺乏客观评价标准等问题。4.我国校园足球女子裁判员的培训方面主要存在:教学资源不足、讲师综合素质不高、缺少实践机会,培训结构过于单一化等问题;另外女裁判员待遇水平偏低,社会关注度低。根据校园足球女子裁判员队伍和管理模式目前所存在的实际问题提出相关建议如下:1.我国校园足球女子裁判员应该注重充分完善自身各项素质水平的提高:重视理论规则学习和外语能力培养;保持系统体能训练;运用多元化的方式学习;增加执裁经验,提高判罚水平。2.我国校园足球女子裁判员管理模式需要改进与完善:健全裁委会机构设置;丰富选拔路径,建立公平、公正选拔体系;建立更加完善的裁判员培养体系;建立裁判员数据库和资源共享平台;提高校园足球女子裁判员的待遇和关注度。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of the professionalization of modern football,the requirements for referees and players are constantly improving.The professional quality of football referees and the fairness of law enforcement are directly related to the fairness and justice of matches.It is very important to strengthen the professional quality of football referees and strengthen the training and management of football referees.In recent years,the rapid development of women’s football in China has led to a substantial increase in the number and quality of matches at all levels of women’s football in China.The research on the development of women’s referee teams has become an important position that affects the sustainable development of women’s football in China.Campus women’s football is the basis of the Chinese women’s football,women’s football referee team training and so on campus,should be from the beginning of the training should have a higher demand and improve the talent selection system and training system and on this basis,establish the cultivation of the unified standards,nationwide gradually build a professional strong women’s football referee team,the women’s football referee team is to ensure that the Chinese women’s football can progress continually to a higher level of the important elements.Based on the current situation and trend of development of women’s football referees campus team in our country as the research object,using the literature material law,questionnaire survey method,interview method,mathematical statistics methods such as women’s football referee team of the national campus degree structure,age distribution,experience of movement,the structure of professional ability,psychological quality and so on has carried on the detailed investigation,in more detail based on the survey analysis reveals the campus on the basis of the problems existing in the women’s football referee team,then draws the following conclusion:1: women’s football referee campus has developed rapidly in our country,the number of a certain scale,mostly concentrated in the 20 to 30 years old,age structure is reasonable,the education is given priority to with bachelor degree,more than professional for teachers,students,coach,regional differences in the geographical distribution,a high level of women’s football referees are from good area and football development.2: Most of the female campus referees in China are grade I and national referees,with relatively low number of law enforcement matches(1-10 matches)per year,and most of the law enforcement years are 1-10 years.Some judges don’t pay much attention to the study of rule theory,and their foreign language level is not high as a whole.The number of physical fitness training for female campus football referees is 2-4 times per week.Running position selection,decision-making ability,rule understanding,emergency handling,team cooperation and pressure resistance are the problems in the ability of female referees on campus.3: In terms of the management of female referees in campus football,the departments and personnel of the adjudication committee are not sound enough and there is a lack of bottom-up pyramid layout.At present,the selection process is mainly assessed from the following aspects: physical quality,law enforcement level,justice level,theoretical knowledge level,psychological quality,moral accomplishment and so on.There are still some problems in the selection process,such as supervision,lack of objective evaluation standards and so on.4: There are some problems in the training of female campus football referees in China,such as insufficient teaching resources,low comprehensive quality of lecturers,lack of practice opportunities,and too simple training structure.In addition,the low level of female referees,social attention is low.According to the actual problems existing in the team and management mode of female campus football referees,the following Suggestions are put forward:1: China’s female campus football referees should pay attention to the full improvement of their own quality level: pay attention to the study of theoretical rules and foreign language ability training;Maintain systematic physical training;Use a variety of ways to learn;Increase the experience of enforcement,improve the level of penalty.2: the management mode of female campus football referees in China needs to be improved and perfected.Enrich the selection path and establish a fair and just selection system;Establish a more perfect training system for referees;Establish referee database and resource sharing platform;Improve the treatment and attention of female campus football referees.更多还原