【作者】 王新宇；

【导师】 刘志明；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国轨道交通产业的飞速发展,轨道交通车辆减重要求迫切。如今,轻量化设计己是车体设计的发展趋势。一方面,轻量化设计可以使轮轨之间的动作用力和噪声显著降低,提高乘坐舒适性,另一方面,轻量化设计有利于提高列车的速度,同时整车质量的下降对列车在提高运能、降低能耗等方面都有着十分显著的影响。以往车体轻量化所使用的材料主要为铝合金,而近年来,随着相关技术的日益成熟,具有优异力学性能的碳纤维复合材料在轻量化设计中得到了越来越多的应用,因此,对碳纤维复合材料在轨道交通领域中的应用进行研究是十分重要的。本文以地铁车辆的枕梁结构为研究对象,利用有限元分析法,分别对碳钢、铝合金和碳纤维复合材料枕梁结构的强度进行了分析,其中碳纤维复合材料枕梁为重点的研究对象,具体的工作如下:首先,建立枕梁的有限元模型,依据相关标准,确定载荷工况,分别对碳钢枕梁和铝合金枕梁进行静强度分析。其次,对于铝合金枕梁存在的静强度问题,通过在结构薄弱部位增加一根贯通管提高危险点处局部刚度的方法,使其满足静强度要求。再次,重点分析碳纤维复合材料枕梁,通过编写Abaqus用户子程序UMAT,结合渐进损伤分析方法和渐进疲劳损伤模型,建立合适的复合材料层合板静力学分析方法与疲劳分析方法,将试验结果与有限元分析结果进行对比来验证方法的可行性,然后对碳纤维复合材料枕梁进行静强度分析与疲劳分析。最后,对碳纤维复合材料枕梁进行优化工作,包括尺寸优化和铺层顺序优化,并对优化后的碳纤维复合材料枕梁进行静强度分析与疲劳分析。研究结果表明,碳纤维复合材料枕梁较原有的碳钢枕梁,重量有了大幅降低。图50幅,表21个,参考文献58篇。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of rail transit industry,it is urgent to reduce the weight of rail transit vehicles.Nowadays,lightweight design is the development trend of vehicle body design.On the one hand,lightweight design can also significantly reduce the action force and noise between wheel and rail,and improve ride comfort.On the other hand,lightweight design is conducive to improving the speed of the train.At the same time,the decline of vehicle’s weight has a very significant impact on improving train capacity and reducing energy consumption.In the past,the main material used for lightweight of vehicle body was aluminium alloy.In recent years,with the maturity of related technologies,carbon fiber composites with excellent mechanical properties have been used more and more in lightweight design.Therefore,it is very important to study the application of carbon fiber composites in the field of rail transit.In this paper,the bolster structure of metro vehicles is taken as the research object,aiming at lightweight,using finite element analysis method,the strength of carbon steel,aluminium alloy and carbon fiber composite bolster structures are analyzed respectively,carbon fiber composites bolster is the main research object.The specific work is as follows:Firstly,the finite element model of the bolster is established.According to the relevant standards,the load conditions are determined,and the static strength analysis of the carbon steel bolster and the aluminum alloy bolster are carried out respectively.Secondly,for the static strength problem of aluminium alloy bolster,the method of increasing the local stiffness at the dangerous point by adding a through pipe to the weak part of the structure makes it meet the static strength requirement.Thirdly,the paper focuses on the analysis of carbon fiber composites bolster.By compiling the Abaqus user subroutine UMAT,combining the progressive damage analysis method and progressive fatigue damage model,an appropriate static analysis method and fatigue analysis method of composite laminates are established.The feasibility of methods is verified by comparing the test results with the finite element analysis results.Then,the static strength analysis and fatigue analysis of carbon fiber composites bolster is carried out..Finally,the optimization of carbon fiber composites bolster is carried out,including size optimization and layer sequence optimization,and the static strength analysis and fatigue analysis of the optimized carbon fiber composites bolster are carried out.The results show that the weight of carbon fiber composites bolster is much lower than that of carbon steel bolster.50 pictures,21 tables,58 references.更多还原