【作者】 李琳；

【导师】 张力；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 劳动经济学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 生育是关系到国计民生的重大问题。近年来我国虽然开始通过调整生育政策来鼓励生育,但出生率的增长始终不如预期。生育率的降低和老龄化的加剧使全社会都更加重视生育问题。而女性作为生育行为的主要承载者,生育后却有可能遭受工资下降的惩罚,这在一定程度上会进一步遏制其生育意愿,造成生育率的持续走低。面对这种现状,并结合国内外学者的理论及实证研究成果,本文利用中国健康与营养调查(1997-2015)数据,采用OLS回归、分位数回归等方法,试图确定我国生育工资惩罚的系数,并研究影响女性生育行为对工资收入的因素,从而为缓解女性生育工资惩罚提出建议。本文首先通过文献研究法,梳理了各国学者在该领域的研究成果,在此基础上,确定实证研究的变量选择,从五大特征维度分析了影响女性生育行为对工资收入的因素。经过分析,本文得出了以下结论:(1)在我国女性中,存在生育工资惩罚效应,其惩罚系数为20.1%;(2)处于不同收入分布的女性所遭受的生育工资惩罚不同,整体趋势为中间高两边低;(3)工作特征对生育工资惩罚的影响最为显著,处于管理或技术岗位的固定工作人员将受到生育工资惩罚的影响最低;(4)人力资本是生育工资惩罚的重要影响因素,女性可以通过提升自身的受教育程度和工作经验来缓解生育后工资的下降。基于以上结论,笔者提出下述建议:第一、大力推动教育发展;第二、调整产假政策;第三、健全职业培训机制,提高女性技能水平;第四、保障兼职工作者权益;第五、完善托幼服务体系,鼓励代际支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fertility is a major issue that affects the national economy and people’s livelihood.In recent years,although China began to encourage fertility by adjusting the birth policy,the growth of fertility rate has not been as fast as expected.The decline in fertility and the aging of the population have made the whole society pay more attention to the issue of fertility.As the main carrier of fertility behavior,women may suffer from the punishment of falling wages after giving birth,which will further curb their fertility will,and cause the fertility rate to continue to fall.Faced with this situation,combined with the theoretical and empirical research results of domestic and foreign scholars,this paper uses the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey(1997-2015)data,by using OLS regression,quantile regression and other methods,the writher try to explore the influencing factor of motherhood wage penalty.Therefore,we can come up with suggestions that can help to alleviate motherhood wage penalty.Firstly,by using the literature research method,this paper sorts out the research results of scholars in this typical field all around the world.On this basis,it determines the variable selection of empirical research,and analyzes the factors affecting female fertility behavior to wage income from five characteristics.After empirical study,the paper draws the following conclusions:(1)The motherhood wage penalty did exist in China,and the penalty coefficient is 20.1%;(2)The motherhood wage penalty suffered by women in different income distributions are different.Women who get middle income will get the highest wage penalty after giving birth.(3)Working characteristics have the most significant impact on the wage penalty.Staff in managerial or technical positions who has reliable labor contract will be least affected by the wage penalties.(4)Human capital is an important factor in the motherhood wage penalty.Women can ease the decline in wages after childbirth by improving their education and work experience.Based on the above conclusions,the author puts forward the following suggestions:First,vigorously promote the development of education;Second,adjust the maternity leave policy;Third,improve the vocational training mechanism to improve the female skill level;Fourth,protect the rights and interests of part-time workers;Fifth,improve the child care service system and encourage intergenerational support.更多还原