【作者】 张旭；

【导师】 杨鼎宜； 王武祥；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 结构工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 如今,全社会面临能源短缺问题,建筑节能是刻不容缓的大事。因此我国大力支持新型墙材发展,改善建筑物外墙保温条件,实现建筑节能目标。本文所提出的绿色节能墙体材料-火山渣混凝土复合自保温砌块,将火山渣和泡沫混凝土有机结合、获得更好的效果,目前,我国正实施“一带一路”战略,沿线各国都需要进行大量基础设施建设,会消耗大量建筑材料。火山渣是火山喷发时形成的轻质多孔材料,在我国及沿线各国储量丰富,用其制备混凝土,可以有效降低传统建筑原材料用量。泡沫混凝土具有轻质、保温隔热等特点,得到了国家政策的支持,并在实际工程中得到广泛应用。研究认为本文提出的火山渣混凝土复合自保温砌块满足现行节能标准和墙体砌块强度的要求。本文主要工作如下:(1)泡沫混凝土:通过改变外加剂和外掺料掺量调节泡沫混凝土孔结构,总结泡沫混凝土孔结构和抗压强度变化趋势,为优化泡沫混凝土孔结构和提高其抗压强度提供了思路和理论依据。通过测试多组超轻泡沫混凝土的导热系数,绘制出了泡沫混凝土表观密度与导热系数的关系曲线,提出了超轻泡沫混凝土导热系数的预测公式。(2)火山渣混凝土:选用四种粒级火山渣骨料,以表观密度和抗压强度为控制目标,分别以单组分和多组分(包括双组分、三组分)火山渣骨料制备干硬性混凝土,通过测试不同骨料组成的干硬性火山渣混凝土抗压强度和表观密度,开展骨料组成对干硬性火山渣混凝土性能的影响研究。提出了干硬性火山渣混凝土抗压强度与表观密度的关系式和自保温砌块生产用干硬性火山渣混凝土适宜配合比。(3)通过分析自保温砌块抗压试验过程和破坏形态得出以下结论,自保温砌块抗压强度的影响因素主要包括:基体强度、垂直度、组合方式、空洞率和宽度。自保温砌块各项物理参数:密度等级有700kg/rm3、800kg/m3、900kg/nm3三个等级,抗压强度平均值满足MU3.5等级。(4)砌体:参照GB50176-2016《民用建筑热工设计规范》计算砌体传热系数理论值。结果表明,采用无机保温砂浆砌筑火山渣混凝土自保温砌块砌体,保温隔热性能良好,满足北京地区外墙围护结构节能要求。本文对火山渣混凝土复合自保温砌块的各组成部分做了系统研究,为今后自保温砌块的更深入研究提供了参考。经对自保温砌块的热工性能分析研究,认为火山渣混凝土复合自保温砌块值得推广应用,具有很大的发展前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays,the whole society is facing the problem of energy shortage,building energy efficiency is an urgent matter.Therefore,China vigorously supports the development of new wall materials to improve the thermal insulation conditions of building exterior walls and achieve the goal of building energy efficiency.This paper presents the green energy-saving wall material-volcanic slag concrete composite self-insulation block,which is combined with volcanic slag and foam concrete to achieve the better results.At present,our country is implementing the strategy of "the belt and road".All countries along the route need to build a lot of infrastructure,which will consume a lot of building materials.Volcanic slag is a kind of light and porous material formed during volcanic eruption.There are abundant reserves in China and other countries along the route.It can be used to prepare concrete,which can effectively reduce the consumption of traditional building materials.Foam concrete is supported by national policies and widely applied in practical projects with the characteristics of light weight and thermal insulation.The research shows that the composite self-insulation block proposed in this paper meets the current energy efficiency standards and the strength requirements of wall blocks.The main work of this paper is as follows:(1)Foam concrete:By changing the admixture content to adjust the pore structure of foam concrete.The variation trends of pore structure and compressive strength of foamed concrete are summarized,which provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the pore structure and improving the compressive strength of foam concrete.By testing the thermal conductivity of several groups of ultra light foam concrete,the relation curve between apparent density and thermal conductivity of foam concrete is drawn,and the prediction formula of thermal conductivity of super lightweight foam concrete is put forward.(2)Volcanic Slag Concrete:Four kinds of granular slag aggregates are selected to prepare concrete,the compressive strength and apparent density are taken as control targets,one-component and multi-components(including two-components and three-components)slag aggregates are used to prepare dry-hard concrete.By testing the compressive strength and apparent density of dry-hard slag concrete with different aggregate gradations to study on the influence of aggregate gradation on the performance of dry-hard slag concrete.The relationship between compressive strength and apparent density of dry-hard slag concrete and the suitable mix ratio of dry-hard slag concrete for self-insulation block production are put forward.(3)The following conclusion is drawn by analyzing the compressive test process and failure mode of the self-insulation block:matrix strength,verticality,combination mode,void ratio and width are the main factors affecting the strength of block.The density grade includes 700kg/m3,800kg/m3 and 900kg/m3.The average compressive strength meets MU3.5 grade.(4)Masonry:Theoretical value of masonry heat transfer coefficient is calculated according to GB50176-2016 "Code for thermal design of civil buildings".The result shows that the thermal insulation performance of the self-insulation block masonry using inorganic thermal insulation mortar is well,it can meet energy-saving requirements for exterior wall enclosure structures in beijing area.In this paper,the components of volcanic slag concrete composite self-insulation block are systematically studied,which provides a reference for the study of self-insulation block in the future.Through the study of thermal performance of self-insulation block,it is considered that the composite self-insulation block is worthy of popularization and application.更多还原