【作者】 路超；

【导师】 郭素娟；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林培育， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 板栗(Castanea nollissima Blume)是我国重要的经济树种,是重要的木本粮食和干果,有丰富的食用价值和药用价值,在我国有着悠久的历史,是我国重要的经济出口产品。我国板栗种质资源丰富,分布范围广,经济性状良莠混杂,收集并调查板栗种质资源,对其进行综合评价具有重要研究意义。本文通过对102份板栗种质资源的花、叶、坚果、总苞和主要营养品质等相关30个性状指标进行分析,采用隶属函数-因子分析结合的方法和权重赋值法,得出102份板栗种质资源的综合评价排名,对板栗进行优质选种、目的选种。同时,还探讨了板栗叶片及坚果表型形态特征在同一种群以及不同种群间的差异、11份板栗种质光合差异和4个南方板栗品种与’燕山早丰’杂交授粉后的结实情况,以期为今后板栗种质资源综合评价以及板栗高光效育种研究提供一定的参考依据。本研究主要结论如下:(1)通过隶属函数与因子分析相结合的方法分别建立:板栗雌雄花序评价的数学模型:Fy=(58.116F1+32.634F2)/100;板栗叶片评价的数学模型:Fy=(41.145F1+30.671F2+14.434F3)/100;板栗坚果评价的数学模型:Fy=(72.225F1+18.111F2)/100;板栗总苞评价的数学模型:Fy=(81.079F1)/100(F1、F2、F3为公共因子);通过权重赋值法建立板栗主要营养品质评价的数学模型(X为营养评价指标):Fy=0.23*X24+0.08*X25+0.32*X26+0.32*X27+0.1 0*X28+0.025*X29+0.04*X30。依据模型计算相应综合得分,既而得出102份板栗种质的综合排名。(2)’昌黎1 0号’、’昌黎3号’和’东陵明珠’的雄花序数量多。’遵玉’、’鲁岳早丰’、’迁西5号’和’迁西3 1号’的雌雄比大,雄花序数量少。’短花’、’罗田中迟栗’、’二道关1号’为短雄种质。’遵玉’的雌花数量多,较特殊。(3)’崔家堡子2399’、’昌黎3号’、’峪沟1号’为高可溶性糖种质;’燕昌’、’昌黎3号’、’迁西4号’为低脂肪种质;’石丰’、’短花’、’小水峪1号’为高直链淀粉种质;’京暑红’、’昌黎8号’、’王厂沟’为高支链淀粉种质;’昌黎1号’、’昌黎3号’、’昌黎7号’为高蛋白种质;’黄棚’、’玉丰’、’峪沟2号’为高P种质;’怀黄’、’闭口红’、’燕山短枝’为高K种质,’东丰’、’闭口红’、’长安灰拣栗’为高含水量种质。(4)板栗叶片及坚果的表型形态特征,在同一种群不同种质间(以河北种群的10份种质为例)和不同种群间均存在显著差异。(5)板栗叶片形态特征、生物量、叶片结构的多个指标与基本均与净光合速率存在一定的关系,除株高外。’燕山早丰’的净光合速率最高,’京暑红’最低。(6)4个南方品种作为父本与迁西乡土品种——’燕山早丰’进行远缘杂交授粉,结果显示:’湘栗1号’较佳,’花桥2号’和’湘栗4号’一般,’湘栗3号’较差。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese chestnut is China’s important economic species and it is important woody grain and dried fruits.Chestnut not only has the rich edible value and medicinal value,but also has a long history in our country,which was regarded as China’s important economic export products.Chinese chestnut germplasm resources are rich.Wide distribution,economic characters throw out confounding,collecting and investigating chestnut germplasm resource and carrying on the comprehensive evaluation has important research significance.In this paper,102 chestnut chestnut germplasms’ flower,leaf,nut,thorn bud and the main nutritional quality and other related 30 traits indiators was analyzed by using the combined method of subordinate function-factor analysis and weight assignment method.At the last,it is concluded that the comprehensive ranking of 102 Chinese chestnut resources,then to have a high quality selection and destination selection.At the same time,there were also discussed the leaf and nuts phenotypic morphology of different Chinese chestnut from the same population and different population,and the high photosynthetic efficiency difference of 11 Chinese chestnut,and the seed setting about 4 Southern varieties crossbreeding with Qianxi native varieties.It was expected to provide certain reference basis of comprehensive evaluation of chestnut chestnut gennplasm resources and high photosynthetic efficiency in the future.This research mainly obtained conclusions are as follows:(1)The models were constructed through combining the membership function and factor analysis method,which were as follow:Mathematical model of Chinese chestnut male and female flowers:Fy=(58.116F1+32.634F2)/100.Mathematical model of Chinese chestnut leave:Fv=(41.145F1+30.671F2+41.145F3)/100.Mathematical model of Chinese chestnut nuts:Fv=(72.225F1+188111FZ)/1 00.Mathematical model of Chinese chestnut thorns bract:Fv=(81.079F1)/100(F1,F2 and F3 as common factors).Through the weight assignment method,a mathematic model of the Chinese chestnut main nutritional quality evaluation(X for nutrition evaluation index):Fv=0.23*X24+0.08*X25+0.32*X26+0.32*X27+0.10*X28+0.025*X29+0.04*X30.Based 011 computing the corresponding composite scores,then it is concluded that the comprehensive ranking of 102 Chinese chestnut germplasm.(2)The number of males in ’Changli 10’,’Changli 3’ and ’Dongling Mingzhu’ was larger.’Zunyu’,’Luyue Zaofeng’,’Qianxi 5’ and ’Qianxi 31’ has high male and female ratio,also has less number of male flowers.The length of male flowers in ’Duanhua’,’Luotian Zhongchili’ and ’Erdao Guan l ’ was shorter.’Zunyu’ has high female flowers,more special(3)’Cuijia Buzi 2399’,’Changli 3’ and ’Yugou 1’ for high soluble sugar germplasm;’Yanchang’,’Changli 3’ and ’Qianxi 4’ for low fat germplasm;’Shifeng’,’Duanhua’ and ’Xiaoshui Yu l’ for high amylose germplasm;’Jingshu Hong’,’Changli 8’ and ’Wangchang Gou’ for high granulose germplasm;’Changli 1’,’Changli 3’ and ’Changli 7’ for high protein germplasm;’Huangpeng’,’Yufeng’ and’Yugou 1’ for high P germplasm;’Huaihuang’,’Bikou hong’ and ’Yanshan Duanzhi’ for high K germplasm;’Dongfeng’,’Bikou Hong’ and ’Changan Huljianli’ for high water germplasm(4)Chinese chestnut phenotypic characteristics of blade and nuts,in the same population between different germplasm(for example,Hebei population of 10 species)and between different populations both exist significant differences(5)By exploring the relationship among net photosynthetic rate morphological characteristics,biomass,and leaf structure of 11 Chinese chestnut,high photosynthetic efficiency difference of Chinese chestnut were discussed.Each index and net photosynthetic rate all has certain relations,except plant height.Among 11 copies of Chinese chestnut,the ’Yanshan zaofeng’ has highest net photosynthetic rate,’Jingshu hong’ has the lowest(6)By collecting pollen from 4 Southern varieties and crossbreeding with Qianxi native varieties,the cross compatibility and seed setting of Chinese chestnut ’varieties were studied,the results showed that’Xiangli 1 ’better,’Huaqiao 2’ and ’Xiangli 4’ medium,’Xiangli 3’ poor.更多还原