【作者】 程琳；

【导师】 尹忠海；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 社会工作， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 ADHD是注意力缺陷多动障碍的缩写。在我国,多被简称为多动症,是儿童较为常见的心理与行为障碍之一。有些孩子也有着易分心、易激动、好冲动等表现,这是国内外小学儿童较为常见的行为困扰之一。他们在行为表现方面和多动症儿童相似,但又并未被确诊为多动症,这些行为伴随着不专注、活动量大及容易冲动等症状。这些症状会影响到他们的学习成绩、情绪与朋辈关系,严重的甚至干扰到家庭和学校生活。而笔者在实习过程中接触到的多动症倾向儿童,他的不良行为以及情绪冲动等问题就对其学习和朋辈关系造成了较大的负面影响。本文以个案研究法为主,辅以访谈法和参与观察法来对案主的朋辈关系产生问题缘由进行了探索。通过对其家长和老师的访谈,随后也历经了几次小组活动的接触与观察,发现案主确实存在多动症行为。但案主并非是注意力缺失,相反,较之同龄儿童而言,他们的关注点更多。在“人在情境中”以及社会支持网络等理论视角下,笔者发现其朋辈关系不良根源主要是在其家庭环境和校园环境方面:微商家庭的教育观念和教养方式的不合理,学校老师的无意识污名以及同伴的排斥。故笔者着眼于上述考量,首先,征得其家长和老师的同意与参与,在自然真实的生活情境中对案主开展了三阶段的朋辈关系优化:构建和谐亲子关系;促进优良师生关系;优化朋辈关系。其次,在认知行为理论、社会支持网络、优势视角等社会工作理论的指导下充分挖掘案主优势,通过激励机制来影响案主的认知,强化其良好行为的发生,改变其与同伴的不良相处方式。在这一过程中使案主习得必要的同伴交往技巧,逐步为案主构建亲子关系、师生关系、朋辈关系这一社会支持网络。最后,做好研究评估,以期望能够有效改善案主的多动症状,优化其朋辈关系。研究效果表明,案主逐步习得同伴交往技巧,其多动症行为得以缓解,良好行为的发生使其获得了积极的朋辈关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 ADHD is the abbreviation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.In China,it is often referred to as hyperactivity disorder,a common psychological and behavioral disorder in children.Some children are distracted,excited and impulsive,which are common behavior problems in primary school children both at home and abroad.Their behaviors are similar to that of children with ADHD,but they are not diagnosed with ADHD.These behaviors were accompanied by symptoms such as inattention,hyperactivity and impulsivity.These symptoms can affect their academic performance,mood and peer relationships,or even seriously interfere with their family and school life.During the internship,the author observed a child with ADHD,whose bad behaviors and emotional impulsiveness had some negative effect on his learning ability and peer relationship.Using the methods of case study,interview and participant observation,the author explored the causes of client’s peer relationship problems.Through interviews with her parents and teachers,and involvement in several group activities,it is found that the client does have hyperactivity behaviors.But it doesn’t establish with certainty that the client has attention deficit.On the contrary,compared with some of his peer,he has more focus points.From the theoretical perspective of "people in context" and social support network,the author has found that the root causes of their bad peer relationships can be attributed to their family environment and campus environment.In other words,a number of related factors are to blame,including the unreasonable educational concept and the incorrect parenting style of wechat business family,the unconscious stigma put on the children by school teachers and the rejection of peers.Therefore,the author focused on the above considerations.First of all,with the consent and participation of the parents and teachers,the author carried out three stages of peer relationship optimization in the natural and real life situation: building a harmonious parent-child relationship;to promoting good teacher-student relations;optimizing peer relationships.Secondly,in the light of social work theories such as cognitive behavioral theory,social support network and advantage perspective,the advantages of the case subject are fully explored,and the cognition of the case subject is influenced through incentive mechanis,so as to strengthen the occurrence of good behaviors and change the bad way of getting along with peers.In this process,the subject was enabled to acquire the necessary peer communication skills and gradually learned to construct the social support network of parent-child relationship,teacher-student relationship and peer relationship.Finally,research evaluations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the study in improving ADHD symptoms and optimizing peer relationships.The result is encouraging as he has learned peer communication skills,showed less poor behaviors and made more friends.更多还原