【作者】 王玉洁；

【导师】 董秀团；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 民俗学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 面塑是以小麦粉为主要原材料,通过和面、搭碱面、揉面、捏花样、蒸制、上色、晾晒等七项步骤制成的面制艺术品。“花馍馍”“面花”“面人”等都是不同地区对面塑的叫法。面塑是高都镇、大阳镇最具有代表性的丧葬祭品。高都镇、大阳镇都是北方典型的农耕村镇,村民还保留着“入土为安”的思想,实行仪式繁琐且隆重的土葬。高都镇与大阳镇的丧葬面塑在制作、使用、展演等方面都有其特殊性与观赏性。通过对丧葬面塑图案、题材、颜色的选用进行分析,可以发现丧葬面塑任何一种造型都有一定的寓意,蕴含着民众的原始崇拜、遵循长幼有序观念、祈求子嗣繁衍、生活美满等民俗文化内涵。其象征符号的寓意主要通过谐音、象征、托寓等手段来表述。在现代社会,丧葬面塑持续被继承发展,主要在于它可以作为保护与传承优秀传统文化的典范,提升民众审美水平的同时也潜移默化地对村民起到教育作用。并且可以带来经济效益,在强化血缘亲属关系,维持村落和谐稳定方面也充当了重要媒介。丧葬面塑顺应时代潮流不断发生改变,逐渐趋向于复杂化、商业化与禁忌弱化,不断为民众的民俗生活带来活力,民众也为丧葬面塑的持续发展增添动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Flour sculpture is a flour artwork made from wheat flour as the main raw material through seven steps,including kneading flour,covering with alkaline flour,kneading flour,kneading patterns,steaming,coloring and airing."Huamo","Mianhua"and"Mianren"are the names of dough figurines in different regions.Flour sculpture is the most representative funeral sacrifice in Gaodu Town and Dayang Town.Gaodu Town and Dayang Town are typical farming villages and towns in the north.The villagers still keep the idea of "burying the earth in peace",and carry out complicated and solemn burial ceremonies.Funeral dough figurines in Gaodu Town and Dayang Town have their particularity and appreciation in terms of making,using and performing.By analyzing the selection of patterns,themes and colors of funeral dough figurines,It can be found that any form of funeral dough sculpture has a certain meaning,which contain folk cultural connotations such as primitive worship of the people,following the concept of orderly growth of children,praying for children to multiply and living happily.The implication of its symbolic symbol is mainly expressed by homophonic,symbolic and supporting means.In modern society,funeral dough sculpture has been continuously inherited and developed,mainly because it can serve as a model for protecting and inheriting excellent traditional culture,improving people’s aesthetic level and also imperceptibly educating villagers.It can also bring economic benefits and serve as an important medium in strengthening blood ties and maintaining harmony and stability in villages.Funeral dough figurines conform to the changing trend of the times and gradually tend to be complicated,commercialized and taboo weakened,bringing vitality to people’s folk life.People also add impetus to the sustainable development of funeral dough figurines.更多还原