【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 颜三忠；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 习近平总书记在十九大报告中提出以构建养老、孝老、敬老政策体系和社会环境来应对应对人口老龄化问题,推动老人权益保障和老龄化事业发展。随着社会发展、城镇化进展等多方面因素影响,城镇、乡村家庭空巢化程度逐渐加深,空巢老人权益保障的需求日益凸显,而现行的空巢老人权益保障体系存在法律机制不健全、政府责任不明确等问题,故对于空巢老人权益保障政府责任缺失与构建的相关研究具有较大意义。本文分为六个部分,第一部分简述对空巢老人权益保障政府责任缺失与构建研究的缘起及研究意义、国内外研究现状和本文的研究内容、研究方法;第二部分对空巢老人权益保障政府责任相关的概念进行界定,介绍空巢老人的涵义、空巢老人权益保障的基本内容,阐述了政府责任的内涵,空巢老人权益保障政府责任主要包含的立法责任、财政责任、监管责任、养老社会服务供给责任以及政府兜底责任;第三部分介绍空巢老人权益保障的政府责任的法理基础,通过公共产品和给付行政理论构成的理论基础,国际公约、宪法法律、政策依据构成的政策法律依据来进行解释说明;第四部分先介绍空巢老人权益保障的现状,空巢老人权益保障体系初步形成,地方保障工作初见成效,执法与司法工作也逐步开展,之后重点阐述我国空巢老人权益保障政府责任缺失具体体现,包括空巢老人保障法律法规存在缺陷、政府财政投入供给不足、空巢老人权益保障政府监管缺位、养老社会服务供给严重短缺、城乡养老机制不统一、空巢老人维权难度大等问题,并分析空巢老人权益保障政府责任缺失的原因。第五部分介绍日本与德国空巢老人法律权益保障政府责任的域外做法,“他山之石,可以攻玉”,其他国家老人权益保障政府责任的做法,能为我国发展老龄事业发展提供有益经验。第六部分介绍空巢老人权益保障政府责任构建模式及实现途径。空巢老人权益保障政府责任构建模式分为家庭养老政府责任构建模式、机构养老政府责任构建模式以及社区养老政府责任构建模式,最后提出空巢老人权益保障的具体构建途径,重点通过构建政府立法责任、财政保障责任、信息公开及监督责任、扩大养老供给责任以及政府兜底责任来实现对空巢老人的权益保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the report of the 19 th National Congress of the CPC,General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed that the policy system of providing for the aged,filial piety,respecting the elderly and social environment should be constructed to cope with the problem of population aging and promote the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly and the development of the cause of aging.With the development of society and the progress of urbanization and other factors,the empty nesting degree of urban and rural families is gradually deepening,and the demand for the protection of the rights and interests of empty nesters is becoming increasingly prominent.However,the current legal mechanism for the protection of the rights and interests of empty nesters is not sound,and the responsibility of the government is not clear,so the responsibility of the government for the protection of the rights and interests of empty nesters is missing.It is of great significance to do research related to construction.This paper is divided into six parts.The first part briefly introduces the origin and significance of the research on the absence and construction of the government responsibility for the protection of the rights and interests of empty nesters,the research status at home and abroad,the research contents and research methods of this paper;the second part defines the relevant concepts of the government responsibility for the protection of the rights and interests of empty nesters,and introduces the empty nesters.Meaning,the basic content of the rights and interests of empty-nest elderly protection,elaborated the connotation of government responsibility,empty-nest elderly rights and interests protection government responsibility mainly includes legislative responsibility,financial responsibility,regulatory responsibility,social services for the elderly supply responsibility and government responsibility;the third part introduces the empty-nest elderly rights and interests protection of government responsibility.The legal basis is explained by the theoretical basis of public goods and the administrative theory of payment,and the policy and legal basis of international conventions,constitutional laws and policies.The fourth part first introduces the status quo of the protection of the rights and interests of empty nesters,the preliminary formation of the system of the protection of the rights and interests of empty nesters,and the preliminary discussion of the local protection work.Effectiveness,law enforcement and judicial work has been gradually carried out,and then focuses on the lack of government responsibility for the protection of the rights and interests of empty-nested elderly in China,including the shortcomings of laws and regulations for the protection of empty-nested elderly,insufficient government financial input,the absence of government supervision on the protection of the rights and interests of empty-nested elderly,and the serious shortage of social services for the elderly.It is difficult to safeguard the rights of empty-nest elderly,and the reasons for the lack of government responsibility to protect the rights and interests ofempty-nest elderly are analyzed.The fifth part introduces the extraterritorial practices of Japanese and German empty nesters in protecting the legal rights and interests of the government,which can provide useful experience for the development of China’s ageing cause.The sixth part introduces the government responsibility construction mode and the way to realize the rights and interests of the empty nest elderly.The government responsibility construction model of empty-nest elderly rights and interests protection is divided into family pension government responsibility construction model,institutional pension government responsibility construction model and community pension government responsibility construction model.Finally,the paper puts forward the concrete construction ways of empty-nest elderly rights and interests protection,focusing on the construction of government legislative responsibility,financial security responsibility,letter The rights and interests of the empty nesters can be guaranteed by making public the interest and supervising the responsibility,expanding the supply responsibility for the elderly and the responsibility of the government.更多还原