教育人力资本对华东地区经济发展的影响研究

【作者】 张丽花；

【导师】 梁军；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 统计学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 华东地区地处中国东部,是中国最具活力的经济增长带之一,在经济发展中有着举足轻重的地位。经过改革开放40年的快速发展,华东地区已成为经济增速最快、资本利用率及资源利用率最高的地区,但是地区之间也存在经济发展不均衡的情况,其中教育资源分配不均衡,受教育人口分布不均等问题,这在一定程度上制约了华东地区整体经济的进一步发展。在知识经济时代,技术进步是推动地区经济发展的主要源泉和动力,而人力资本是技术进步的主要载体和推动者,其中教育人力资本是人力资本形成的主要形式,本文主要从教育人力资本的角度来分析华东地区经济发展状况。本文的研究目标是:从经济增长、产业结构优化两个方面研究教育人力资本对华东地区六省一市的经济发展的影响。本文首先界定了教育人力资本、经济发展与产业结构等概念,梳理了人力资本理论、新经济增长基本理论、产业结构优化理论,以及国内外关于教育人力资本对经济增长、产业结构优化的相关研究;其次,在分析华东地区教育发展、经济增长、产业结构的基础上,采用人力资本外部性模型,测算教育人力资本对区域经济增长的贡献率,探究华东地区经济增长中教育人力资本的作用和地位;再次,运用FE、2SLS和系统GMM等计量方法研究华东地区教育人力资本对产业结构合理化、高级化的影响;最后,从以上理论和实证分析得出相关研究结论并根据相应结论提出政策建议。研究结论主要有以下几点:(1)各省市的物质资本、教育人力资本存量和教育人力资本水平要素对经济增长所起的作用存在显著的差异,省市的经济结构显著不同,除了上海市,其余六省的经济增长仍然依赖于粗放式的物质资本增长模式。(2)教育人力资本不仅有生产性的作用,而且还体现出教育人力资本对经济增长有正向的溢出作用。(3)教育人力资本水平提升有利于产业结构的合理化和高级化,其对产业结构高级化的影响更大。理论和实证结果表明:华东地区教育人力资本的程度还存在不均衡,对教育人力资本的开发程度还不够充分,在经济发展转变历程中还需要走很长的路。基于促进产业结构优化、提高教育人力资本对经济发展的贡献率目标,本文提出四条政策建议:第一,加强教育投资,提高教育人力资本积累;第二,缩小地区差异,全面提升劳动力素质;第三,加强制度建设,促进人才合理流动;第四,加大政府投资,提高城镇化水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 East China,located in the east of China,is one of the most dynamic economic growth zones in China and plays a decisive role in economic development.After 40 years of rapid development of reform and opening up,East China has become the region with the fastest economic growth,the highest capital utilization rate and the highest resource utilization rate.However,there are also imbalances in economic development among regions,such as the uneven distribution of educational resources and the uneven distribution of educated population,which to some extent restricts the further development of the overall economy in East China.In the era of knowledge-based economy,technological progress is the main source and motive force to promote regional economic development,and human capital is the main carrier and promoter of technological progress.Educational human capital is the main form of human capital formation.This paper mainly analyses the economic development of East China from the perspective of educational human capital.The objective of this paper is to study the impact of educational human capital on the economic development of six provinces and one city in East China from two aspects: economic growth and industrial structure optimization.Firstly,this paper defines the concepts of educational human capital,economic development and industrial structure,combs the human capital theory,the basic theory of new economic growth,the theory of industrial structure optimization,as well as the related research on educational human capital to economic growth and industrial structure optimization at home and abroad;Secondly,on the basis of analyzing the educational development,economic growth and industrial structure in East China.Using the model of human capital externality,this paper calculates the contribution rate of educational human capital to regional economic growth and explores the role and status of educational human capital in the economic growth of East China.Thirdly,it uses the method of OLS,2SLS and GMM to study the impact of educational human capital on the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure in East China;Finally,draw relevant conclusions from the above theoretical and empirical analysis and put forward policy recommendations based on the corresponding conclusions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There are significant differences among provinces and cities in the role of material capital,educational human capital stock and educational human capital level in economic growth.The economic structure of provinces and cities is significantly different.Except for Shanghai,the economic growth of the other six provinces still depends on extensive material capital growth model.(2)Educational human capital not only plays a productive role,but also reflects the positive spillover effect of educational human capital on economic growth.(3)The improvement of educational human capital level is beneficial to the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure,which has a greater impact on the upgrading of industrial structure.The theoretical and empirical results show that the degree of educational human capital in East China is still unbalanced,the development of educational human capital is insufficient,and there is still a long way to go in the process of economic development and transformation.Based on the goal of promoting the optimization of industrial structure and increasing the contribution rate of educational human capital to economic development,this paper puts forward four policy suggestions: Firstly,to strengthen educational investment and increase the accumulation of educational human capital;Secondly,to narrow regional differences and improve the quality of labor force in an all-round way;Thirdly,to strengthen institutional construction and promote the rational flow of talents.Fourthly,increase government investment to improve the level of Urbanization.更多还原