【作者】 黄婷婷；

【导师】 吕英杰；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 刑法学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 交通事故的频发严重危害了公众的生命安全,与此同时也给刑法上因果关系的认定带来了众多难题。实践中,交通肇事罪的因果关系认定上存在介入因素复杂多样、多因一果、认定行政化等难点与问题。传统因果学说中,条件说因等价理论及只注重事实判断而无法应对实践中交通肇事因果认定的难题。与此同时,相当因果关系说虽尝试进行规范评价,但因判断标准的模糊,也无法解决交通肇事的因果问题。因此,在交通肇事的认定上,有必要采取“归因-归责”二分法的因果归责新路径。在归因上,条件说因难以解决交通肇事不作为问题以及缺乏通则和自然科学知识而无法成为交通肇事罪归因的最佳路径。对比之下,合法则的条件说更适合用于在交通肇事罪中进行事实上的因果判断。在归责上,客观归责理论的核心“风险的制造与实现”与交通行为的风险性相契合,且其判断规则细致和规范,故将客观归责理论作为交通肇事罪的归责路径具有可行性。在交通事故中进行行为归责时,应以交通法规和交通惯例作为判断资料,以“一般人+特别人”为判断标准,并可运用信赖原则排除制造风险的可能性。在交通事故中进行结果归责时,应考虑结果回避可能性和规范保护目的。实行合义务替代行为,结果必然发生的,则排除归责;结果可能发生的,则要适用危险升高理论,但要考虑结果发生的可能性大小。规范保护目的理论在交通事故中进行结果归责时具有其必要性,并应从解释论的角度确定交通注意规范的保护目的。最后,将交通肇事罪中的介入因素类型化,分别探讨了介入被害人行为与介入第三人行为之下交通肇事罪的因果归责问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The frequency of traffic accidents seriously endangers public safety.At the same time,it also brings many difficulties to the Judgement of causality in criminal law.In practice,there are many difficulties and problems in the identification of causation in the crime of causing traffic casualties,such as complicated factors,multiple causes and judged by the administrative report.Among the traditional causal theories,the theory of condition could not deal with the causation in traffic accident crime because of equivalent theories and only paying attention to the facts.Also the theory of correspond casuality has disadvantages in vague criteria could not judge on purpose successfully.Therefore,it is necessary to adopt a new approach of "attribution-imputation"dichotomy in the identification of traffic accident.As for attribution,the conditional theory could not be the best way to solve the problem of traffic accident crime.Because it could not solve the omissions in traffic accidents and lack of General principles and science knowledge.In contrast,the theory of legal condition is more suitable for the causal j udgment in the crime of traffic accidents.In terms of imputation,the core of the objective imputation theory,"risk manufacturing and realization",is in line with the risk of traffic behaviors.Meanwhile,its judgment rules are detailed and standardized.So it is feasible to take the objective imputation theory as the imputation path of the crime of causing traffic casualties.In the process of imputation of behavior in traffic accidents,traffic laws and regulations and traffic practices should be used as the judgment data.The "ordinary person+special person" should be used as the judgment standard.Th e principle of trust can be used to eliminate the possibility of creating risks.In the process of result imputation in traffic accidents,the possibility of result avoidance and the purpose of standard protection should be considered.If carrying out legal acts,the results is still bound to happen,the imputation shall be excluded.If the results are likely to occur,the risk escalation theory should be applied.But the probability should be considered.It is necessary for the theory of normative protection purpose to attribute the results of traffic accidents.The protection purpose of traffic attention regulation should be determined from the perspective of interpretation.Finally,the interventional factors in traffic accident crime are classified,discussing the causal imputation of traffic accident crime under the action of intervening the victim and the third party respectively.更多还原