【作者】 郭慧；

【导师】 冼继东；

【作者基本信息】 华南农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 叉角厉蝽Cantheconidea furcellata(Wolff),是一种潜在的控制鳞翅目、鞘翅目和半翅目害虫的昆虫天敌。利用叉角厉蝽来防治铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)上的斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)将有助于减少农药残留,保护环境,对人畜安全。本文观察了铁皮石斛上斜纹夜蛾的生物学特性;使用生命表的方法评价了叉角厉蝽对铁皮石斛斜纹夜蛾种群的控制作用;采用三因子二次通用旋转组合设计,研究了影响叉角厉蝽对铁皮石斛斜纹夜蛾的捕食率的因子,主要研究结果如下:1.室内用铁皮石斛饲喂斜纹夜蛾观察其生长发育历期以及取食特性,观察发现斜纹夜蛾卵的平均历期为3 d,1-2龄幼虫的平均历期为7.5 d,3龄幼虫的平均历期为3.5d,4龄幼虫的平均历期为4 d,5龄幼虫的平均历期为3.5 d,6-7龄的平均历期为10.5d,蛹的平均历期为12 d。初孵幼虫聚集为害,2龄后开始分散为害,幼虫喜食石斛叶片、嫩茎和嫩芽,幼虫老熟时钻入铁皮石斛基质变成预蛹,2—3 d后在根系周围化蛹,12 d左右化为成虫飞出基质。2.采用以作用因子组配的斜纹夜蛾种群生命表评价了不同龄期叉角厉蝽对铁皮石斛上斜纹夜蛾种群控制作用。研究结果表明,在对照区中,斜纹夜蛾的种群趋势指数为9.274,即不采用任何防治措施的情况下,下一代斜纹夜蛾增加的数量将为这一代的9.274倍。在叉角厉蝽高龄若虫释放区、雌成虫释放区和雄成虫释放区的斜纹夜蛾种群趋势指数分别为1.474、1.027和1.028。在叉角厉蝽高龄若虫、雌成虫和雄成虫的处理区中,对斜纹夜蛾的干扰作用控制指数分别为0.159、0.111和0.111,表明高龄若虫、雌成虫、雄成虫三个处理的控制效果分别为84.1%、88.9%和88.9%。三个处理区的保苗效果分别为17.2%、32.2%和26.9%,即保苗效果的顺序依次为:雌成虫>雄成虫>高龄若虫。在高龄若虫、雌成虫和雄成虫三个处理,计算第二次释放叉角厉蝽前后的虫口减退率依次为46.3%、54.8%和42.4%。,可以看出释放叉角厉蝽可以达到较好的防控效果。3.采用三因子二次旋转组合设计研究了斜纹夜蛾的密度、叉角厉蝽密度(高龄若虫、雌虫)和铁皮石斛密度三个因子与叉角厉蝽捕食率的关系。研究表明三个因子并不单纯地与叉角厉蝽捕食率成正相关或负相关,因子之间的交互作用对捕食率也有一定的影响,但都没有单因子作用大。在叉角厉蝽高龄若虫和雌成虫两个处理试验的结果都显示叉角厉蝽的密度是影响其捕食率的主因子,而斜纹夜蛾幼虫密度和寄主植株密度、斜纹夜蛾幼虫密度和叉角厉蝽密度的交互作用都分别会对两个处理产生显著影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The stink bug Cantheconidea furcellata(Wolff)is a potential insect pest controlling Lepidoptera,Coleoptera and Hemiptera pests.The use of stink bug to control the Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)on the Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo will help to reduce pesticide residues,protect the environment,and be safe for human and animal.In this paper,the biological characteristics of S.litura on D.candidum were observed;and the control effect of the stink bug on the population of D.candidum by using the life table was evaluated;the predation functional response of C.furcellata on S.litura larva were studied,with the method of three factors parabolic regression revolution design,the affecting factors were studued on predation rate.The main results are as follows1.In lab condition,the growth duration and feeding characteristics were observed.The average duration of the S.litura was 3 days,the average duration of the 1-2 instar larvae was 7.5 days,the average duration of the 3 instar larvae was 3.5 days,the average duration of the 4 instar larvae was 4 days,and the average duration of the 5 age larvae was 3.5 days and the average of 6-7 years was average.The calendar period is 10.5 days,and the average duration of the pupae is 12 days.At the age of 2,the larvae began to disperse as a pest,and the larvae fed on the leaves,tender stems and tender shoots of D.candidum.When the larvae were old,the larvae were drilled into the pre pupae,and after 2 to 3 days,the larvae pupated and 12 days turned into the adult fly out matrix.2.Using the life table of the S.litura to evaluate the control of the different ages of C.furcellata on S.litura larva.The results showed that the population trend index of S.litura in the control area was 9.274,which means that without any control measures the next generation of S.litura will be 9.274 times that of this generation.The population trend index of S.litura populations was 1.474,1.027 and 1.028 respectively in the nymph release area,female adult release area and male adult release area.The control indices for the interference of the S.litura were 0.159,0.111 and 0.111 in the treatment areas of the elderly nymph,female adult and male adult,indicating that the control effects of three treatments of old nymph,female adult and male adult were 84.1%,88.9% and 88.9%,respectively.The seedling protection effects of the 3 treatments were 17.2%,32.2% and 26.9%,respectively.That is,the order of seedling protection effect was: female adults > male adults > old nymphs.In the three treatments of older nymphs,female adults and male adults,the rate of decline of insect population before and after the calculation of the second release of the forked pupae was 46.3%,54.8% and 42.4%,respectively.It can be seen that releasing the prong can achieve better control effect.3.The relationship between the density of the S.litura the number of stink bugs and the density of D.officinale,and the three factors of the density of D.candidum were studied with three factor and two rotation design.The study showed that the three factors were not only positive or negative related to the search efficiency of the stink bug,and the interaction between factors also had a certain influence on the search efficiency,but none of them had a single factor.The results of two experiments on the elderly nymph and female adult of the advanced stink bug showed that the number of stink bug was the main factor affecting the search efficiency,while the density of the larvae of the S.litura,the density of the host plant,the density of the larva of the S.litura and the number of stink bugs of the S.litura could have a significant effect on the two treatments.更多还原