【作者】 刘敏；

【导师】 王勇；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 联省自治运动是在中国兴起的以追求联邦制,效仿美国实行联邦主义的政治变革运动,这场运动是在近代中国的戊戌变法和辛亥革命之后对我国的国家制度的转变而进行的又一次尝试。但最终失败。通过这次改革运动,从中抽离出来的新的关注点,我们可以落脚到联邦制以及其中的“邦”与我国的“省”与中国历史上古代的“邦”的差异,并以此为主线,来对历史上试图在国内实行联邦制的所谓的“联省自治运动”何以失败的原因进行探究并对“省”与“邦”进行辨析的问题。通过进一步了解近代中国联省自治思想产生的背景、原因,对联省自治运动的整个过程及失败进行宪制分析。联省自治的核心思想是在国内实行联邦制,整个联省自治运动也是围绕着这个核心思想进行展开。自近代以来,研究联省自治的学者不在少数,但是能够从新的角度去将我国的长期历史发展与联省自治串联起来的,少之又少。因而,本文的阐述内容即是在于通过中西语境下对“邦”的不同理解,来引出文章所要表达的内容。中国古代,西周实现了“统一”以及周天子的出现并开始“封邦建国”,出现了最类似于当今的联邦制,而近代中国的联省自治运动企图将中国的“省”等同于美国的“邦”,或者将当时的“省”认为是古代的“邦”,忽视中国的“省”与美国的“邦”的区别,因而联省自治运动所支持的联邦制在中国是行不通的。实践证明了一切,历史的选择也已成定论。另外,放眼中国复杂的历史背景,自秦统一以来,中央高度集权,将地方权力紧紧掌控在中央,基于这种历史惯性,即使到近代以来,地方自治还是难以立足。一方面是中国历史长期以来中央高度集权,另一方面,由于中国复杂的民族关系,不同的历史区域之间黏合性程度不同,文化发展民族习性等各方面因素的影响,省区自治很难成功。本文的研究思路分为五部分:第一部分是本文的绪论,主要介绍文章的选题,及文献综述和研究方法;第二部分是中西语境中对“邦”的理解,进而将中国的“邦”与西方语境下的“邦”进行全面的了解,西方语境中以美国的“邦”为例;第三部分是“联省”名义下的“联邦”——近代中国宪制运动中的“联省自治”。“联省自治”运动的思想背后所要支持的核心观点是在中国实行联邦制,并意图通过联省自治运动将这一国家结构形式在中国推行以及联省自治运动的发展过程。第四部分是“联省自治”运动的理论反思及其宪制困局。联省自治运动之所以失败,有着深刻的历史根源。中国长期大一统的历史背景,中央与地方之间的制衡,以及中原版块相近的民族文化生活习惯,黏性较强,省区自治很难实现。第五部分是利用移情想象与时空错位的方式从多角度来分析联省自治运动失败的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The United provincial autonomy movement is rise in pursuit of federalism,following the United States implement political reform movement federalism,this movement is another attempt to reform and revolution of China’s state system transformation carried out in modern China.But ultimately failed.Through this reform movement,the new attention points out in,we can find differences between the federal and the "state" and our "province" and China history of the ancient "state",and as the main line,for historical reasons trying to enforce federal so-called "provincial autonomy movement" in why domestic failure and explore the province "" And the "state" of the problem.By further understanding of modern China provincial autonomy thought background,reason,the whole process and the failure of the constitutional province autonomy movement antithetical couplet analysis.The core idea of inter provincial autonomy is a federal system in the country,the provincial autonomy movement is also around the core thought of.Since modern times,the scholars in the study of inter provincial autonomy a few,but from a new perspective to China’s long history of development and the provincial autonomy together,less and less.Therefore,this content of this paper is that through the Chinese and Western contexts of "bang" different understanding,then the content to be expressed.Chinese in ancient times,the Western Zhou Dynasty to achieve The "unified" and the emergence of the Zhou emperor and began to "state the letter",was the most similar to the American federal system,the provincial autonomy movement in modern Chinese will attempt to China "province" equal to the "state",or the "province" is the ancient "state" Chinese,ignores the difference between "province" and American "bang",so the Federalist Movement supported by the federal system does not work in China.Practice has proved that all the choice of history is a foregone conclusion.In addition,in the China complex historical background,since the Qin unified,highly centralized,will the local authority tightly in the central,based on this historical inertia And even in modern times,local autonomy or to gain a foothold.On the one hand is Chinese long history highly centralized,on the other hand,because of China complex ethnic relations between history,different regions of adhesion to different degrees,influence the cultural development of ethnic habits in other aspects of factors,the province autonomy is difficult to succeed.This paper is divided into fifth parts: First part is paper of introduction,main introduced articles of topics,and the literature reviewed and research method;second part is West context in the on "State" of understanding,then will China of "State" and Western context Xia of "State" for full of understand,Western context in the to American of "State" for cases;third part is "joint province" name Xia of "Federal"--modern China constitutional movement in the of "joint province autonomy"."Provincial autonomy" movement of thought in China is to support central ideas behind federalism,and intentions through the provincial autonomy movement,a form of the State structure in China and the development of the provincial autonomy movement.Part IV is "provincial autonomy" movement of theoretical reflection and the constitutional quagmire.The provincial autonomy movement failed,has deep historical roots.China’s long history of unified background checks and balances between the Central and local government,similar to the section and the Central Plains culture lifestyle,strong viscosity,provincial autonomy is difficult to achieve.Part five is the use of empathic imagination and temporal and spatial dislocation,from multiple perspectives to analyze the causes of the provincial autonomy movement failed.更多还原