【作者】 刘婷婷；

【导师】 潘迎春；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 世界历史， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 美苏两国在冷战前期的官方文化交流非常有限,直至1958年双方签订了第一个文化交流协议,这项协议涉及苏美双方技术、科学以及文化等方面的交流,美国希望通过这项协议增进与苏联的建设性交流,影响苏联的不同领域并产生有益的结果。1959年,美国根据这项协议在莫斯科举办了国家展览并获得了巨大的成功,从此开始了美国在苏展览的海外宣传之路。美国在苏展览发展到70年代时形成了一个相对完善的体系,在展览运行、宣传方式上都更为成熟,更能体现出美国的文化外交的特点。70年代的美国在苏展览非常重视背景材料的准备,新闻署的研究办公室会在举办展览之前邀请相关专家准备展览主题的苏联背景材料,让美国向导们可以提前了解苏联相关领域的概况及苏联观众对展览主题的认知,由此可以在展览中更好地与观众们进行交流。此外,新闻署还会对举办展览的城市及所在地区进行调查,了解它们的人口学特征、政党组织、经济、大众传媒等方面的信息,从而可以对展览观众的构成及数量有一个相对准确的预测。新闻署的这些努力推动展览更加顺利地进行,并在苏联观众中获得了很好的反响,让更多地苏联人开始更深入、更正面的去认识美国。而展览所带来的这些成效并不意味着展览工作的结束,美国新闻署会在展览结束后对展览的经验进行总结、对展览的苏联观众群体进行分析、对展览项目进行评分,从不同层面去分析展览的效果、不足,寻求进一步的改善,让展览能够最大程度的发挥其在美国文化外交中的作用。美国在70年代展览中的种种努力都带有浓重的海外宣传色彩,具有非常明确的文化外交目的,即向苏联人民展示美国“耀眼的东西”、对苏联共产主义宣传的捏造进行反击。展览完善的运行体系及展览在苏联所取得的巨大成效都体现了美国文化外交的成熟与优秀。更多还原

【Abstract】 The official cultural communication between the United States and the Soviet Union in the early period of the Cold War was very limited until the year of 1958 when they signed the first cultural communication agreement,which referred to different fields of technology,science and culture etc.The United States expected that it can promote the constructive communication,exert an effect on different areas of the Soviet Union and produce beneficial results.In 1959,the United States held a national exhibition in Moscow according to the agreement and received a great success.From now on,the United States began to run overseas promotions for the U.S.exhibit in USSR.In the 1970s,the U.S.exhibit in USSR formed a relative perfect system with more mature patterns of operation and propaganda,which can better reflect the characteristics of American cultural diplomacy.In the 1970s,the United States attached great importance to the preparation of the background materials of the U.S.exhibit in USSR.In order to have a better communication with the exhibit audience,the Research Office of the United States Information Agency would invite experts to prepare background materials of the Soviet Union related to the exhibition themes during the preparation stage and acquaint the American guides with the general situations of the related areas in advance.In addition,the United States Information Agency also conducted investigations to the cities and regions where the exhibits be held to master information about their demographic characteristics,party and government organizations,economy and mass media etc.,so that they can make accurate predictions to the composition and the quantity of the exhibit audience.The efforts above by the United States Information Agency helped the exhibits to proceed more smoothly and acquainted more and more Soviets with America.Besides all these efforts,the United States Information Agency would also summarize experiences including analyze the Soviet audience and rate the project after exhibit to find out deficiency and pursue further improvements so that the U.S.exhibit in USSR would maximize its role in American cultural diplomacy.The United States did all these endeavor with the aim of propaganda overseas and cultural diplomacy,namely show American "dazzling things" to Soviets and beat back their communist propaganda fabrications.The perfect operation system and great achievements of the U.S.exhibit in USSR are the demonstrations of the mature and excellence of American cultural diplomacy.更多还原