【作者】 王娟；

【导师】 韩永利；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 世界历史， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 1940年6月,在欧陆对德作战失败后,英国困守英伦三岛。德国在欧洲闪击作战的胜利,刺激日本决心南进太平洋,挑起与美英的战争,英国在进行本土保卫战的同时,也面临着日本对它远东殖民地的威胁。根据德、日法西斯的威胁程度,丘吉尔政府将主要注意力放在保卫本土方面,确立了首先对抗德国入侵的战略原则。于是,面对日本关闭滇缅公路的要求,英国采取了暂时妥协的策略。1941年3月,以丘吉尔和罗斯福为首的英美军政首脑将德国第一、日本第二的战略原则在双边的军事协议中正式确定下来。1940年9月,德国对英登陆计划无限期延迟,美国也加强了对英援助,欧洲局势有所缓解,英国得以略有余力应对日本南进。因此,在“先德后日”原则框架下,面对日本趁不列颠之战之际,集结兵力进驻印度支那北部,并与德、意法西斯国家签署同盟条约,丘吉尔政府对日政策从暂时妥协转向抗衡。1941年6月,苏德战争爆发。希特勒将德军主力投入苏德战场,企图速战速决。然而苏联顽强抵抗,牵制住了百分之七十的德军主力,从而相对缓和了英国在大西洋和地中海的紧张局势,使英国有余力关注远东事务。因此,面对日本进驻印度支那南部,在“先德后日”战略原则框架下,英国最终确立了对日抗衡政策。在“先德后日”战略原则的规定下,丘吉尔政府在亚太的政策是与其守势相联系的,由此形成从丘吉尔上台到太平洋战争爆发期间英国远东政策的曲折发展轨迹。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the failure of defending European continent in June 1941,the Great Britain was stuck in the British Isles.The victory of German blitzkrieg in Europe spurred Japan to adopt the policy of "southward advance".Therefore,the Great Britain was faced with Japanese threats to its territories in Far East while fighting for its mainland in Europe.According to the threat level of German and Japanese fascism,Churchill government concentrated on defending mainland and established the strategic principles of fighting against Germany first.As a consequence,the Great Britain adopted a strategy of temporary compromise to meet Japanese demands.In March 1941,the British and American military and political leaders established the first Germany then Japanese strategy officially in bilateral military agreement.In September 1940,with the Nazi Germany’s Operation Sea Lion being put off indefinitely,and the United States strengthening its aid for Britain,the Great Britain could spare a little capability to cope with Japan’s South forward.Therefore,in the frame of first Germany then Japanese strategy,when faced with the threat of Japan,Churchill government’s policy toward Japan was on the way to counter.The war between the Soviet and German broke out in June 1941.Hitler put the main force of German army into Soviet Union theater aiming at a quick victory.However,under its resistance,the Soviet Union contained seventy percent of German army,which eased the tension in the Atlantic,thus making the Great Britain can spare the capability to pay attention to the Far Eastern affairs.Therefore,in the frame of first Germany then Japanese strategy,when faced with the threat of Japan,Churchill government ultimately established counter policy toward Japan.First Germany then Japanese strategy remained in Britain’s Far Eastern policy during this period,and it stipulated the principles that Churchill government must take a defensi.ve attitude.Thus it shaped the tortuous development path of Britain’s Far Eastern policy from Churchill come into power to the Pacific war break out.更多还原