【作者】 王艳；

【导师】 姜兆萍；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 基础心理学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人类文明的发展和社会的进步,亲社会行为和助人行为越来越被大家推崇,而道德的具身认知对于亲社会行为的影响也有越来越多的研究。已有的研究主要从负性方面介绍道德感染的对立面不道德传染对道德判断及道德行为的影响机制,其得出的结论是不道德传染会使个体做出更加严厉的道德判断,并且不道德传染是通过厌恶情绪进而影响道德判断的严厉程度的,而从正性方面来探讨道德感染或者道德传递的研究则少之又少。因此,本文在具身认知的范式及研究基础上,探讨了正性道德或者品德感染对个人助人行为、亲社会行为的影响,并探究了道德情绪(共情和内疚)在其中的作用机制。本研究共设计了两个实验,实验一探讨了在不同方式的道德感染情况下,道德感染的本质是否会在人际间进行传递,并进一步影响个体做出亲社会行为程度的高低,方法是让被试穿着品德良好者的T恤衫,运用实验求助任务,其中,道德感染的方式包括接触感染和想象感染两种。实验二运用慈善捐助任务,探讨了人际间两种不同方式的道德感染是否会通过道德情绪(共情、内疚)来影响个体的亲社会行为。研究结果发现:(1)相对于控制组来说,穿着道德者的衣物的道德启动组(又称接触启动组)其道德感染水平更高,并且展现出来更多的亲社会行为。(2)想象穿着道德者衣物的道德启动组(又称想象启动组),相对于控制组,其道德感染程度更高,并且呈现出更多的亲社会行为。(3)接触启动组,在道德感染和亲社会行为上,男女之间性别差别均不显著;而在想象启动组,男女性别在道德感染水平上的差异不显著,但是在亲社会行为上性别存在显著的差异。(4)在不同的启动条件下,接触启动组和想象启动组的道德感染程度没有显著差异,但是在亲社会行为上却呈现出显著的差异,想象启动组比接触启动组表现出更多的亲社会行为。(5)接触条件下,接触启动组和控制组在共情上存在显著差异,但是两者在内疚上的差异不显著,接触启动组相对于控制组其共情水平更高。(6)在接触条件下,共情在道德感染和亲社会行为上发挥着部分中介作用,而内疚的中介作用不显著。(7)想象条件下,想象启动组和控制组在共情上存在显著差异,但是两者在内疚上的差异不显著,想象启动组相对于控制组其共情水平更高。(8)在想象条件下,共情在道德感染和亲社会行为上发挥着完全中介作用,而内疚的中介作用不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of human civilization and the progress of the society,people are more focus on pro-social behavior and helping behavior.And the effect of moral and cognitive on pro-social behavior also has a growing number of studies.The existing research mainly introduced the influence mechanism of moral contagion on moral judgment and moral behavior from the negative aspect,and the conclusion was that immoral contagion would make the individual do more severe moral judgment.And immoral contagion affected the severity of moral judgments through the disgust.What more,there were no more studies of moral contagion or moral transmission from the positive aspects of moral domain.Thus,in body recognition framework,this paper examined the effects of positive moral contagion on helping behavior of the individuals.This study had two experiments.Experiment one discussed that whether the nature of moral contagion in human-to-human transmission was existed and also could affect individual’s pro-social behavior under different kinds of ways of moral contagion.We let subjects wear t-shirts which were worn by moral people.What’s more,we used the task of asking for help to verify that.The ways of moral contagion included imagine and contact.Experiment two discussed that whether the two different ways of moral contagion in human-to-human would influence the pro-social behavior through moral emotions,such as empathy and guilt.We let subjects wear caps which were worn by moral people.Also we used the charity mission to verify this results.The results showed that:(1)The experimental group which was dressed by ethical clothing(also called contact initiation group)could effectively initiate the level of moral contagion and more pro-social behavior compared with control group.(2)The experimental group which imaged wearing ethical clothing(also called imaging initiation group)could effectively initiate the level of moral contagion and more pro-social behavior compared with control group.(3)In contact group,there was no significant difference between men’s and women in the aspect of moral contagion and pro-social behavior.In the imaging group,there was no significant difference between men’s and women in the aspect of moral contagion,but there was a significant gender difference in pro-social behavior.(4)Under different initiation conditions,there was no significant difference in the degree of moral contagion between the contact group and the imaging group,but there was a significant difference in pro-social behavior.Imaging group showed more pro-social behavior than the contact group.(5)Under contact conditions,there was a significant difference in empathy between the contact group and the control group,but there was no significant difference in guilt emotion.Contact initiation group showed a higher level of empathy compared with control group.(6)Under contact conditions,empathy played a partial intermediary role between moral contagion and pro-social behavior.But guilt’s intermediary effect was not significant.(7)Under imagined conditions,there was a significant difference in empathy between the imaging group and the control group,but there was no significant difference in guilt emotion.Imaging initiation group showed a higher level of empathy compared with control group.(8)Under imagined conditions,empathy played a full intermediary role between moral contagion and pro-social behavior.But guilt’s intermediary effect was not significant.更多还原