【作者】 刘畅；

【导师】 秦前红；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 生命是什么?生命是人之所以为人并进而成为法律主体的根本和前提。在公民基本权利中,生命权一直是最为重要的,生命权是一切人权的基础,是人所享有的最基本的权利。因为人的生命只有一次,人的生命价值更是不可估量,人的生命的存在不仅是作为个体的人存活下去的保证,更是社会存在的基础,也是社会主义事业顺利进行的力量,所以研究生命权的相关问题对于我们每个人而言都是非常重要的。但是,在实际生活中,对生命权的漠视甚至侵害行为依旧大量存在,在司法实践过程中,生命权有时并不能得到应有的尊重和保护。聂树斌案就是漠视生命权的一个典型案例,21岁如此年轻的生命就这样被终结了,虽然最终该案迎来了正义的审判,但其教训是惨痛的。错误的判决不仅给聂树斌本人和家庭带来极大的伤害,同时也为我国司法公信力的树立、公民基本权利的保障造成了反面的影响。这场全国性大案不仅引发了人们对司法冤假错案责任追究的关注,更引发了对生命权保障问题的重新审视。人的生命是神圣的,保障人权,就必须首先保障生命权,而法律是生命权的重要保障手段,没有对于生命权的法律保障,一切人权的法律保障都将流于空谈或者化为乌有。本案历经22年的平反历程使学界和舆论也开始呼吁全社会都要关注生命权,呼吁从宪法的高度保护生命权。本文正是以聂树斌案为分析背景,通过理论研究和案例分析,来对生命权的保护问题进行探讨和研究。纵观当今世界潮流,大多数国家已将生命权通过立宪的方式予以确定,虽然当前我国的部门法对生命权提供了一些力所能及的保护,但是,漠视生命权的现象在现实中却仍然屡见不鲜,其根本原因就在于我们缺乏尊重生命权的文化理念,国家公权力没有对生命权给予足够的尊重和重视,并且,我们的宪法在生命权这个问题上仍然是项空白。然而,在我国,生命权的宪法保护却又有非常的必要性。因此,在现代宪政理念下,我们有必要对生命权的保护进行重点研究,并在借鉴相关国家实践经验的基础上,结合我国具体实际情况,将生命权入宪作为起点,以建立司法化的违宪审查制度为目标,推动生命权保护进入宪法高度,构建以生命权为最高价值的人权保障体系与人权文化,这无疑对完善我国公民的基本权利体系具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 What is life?Life is the reason why people are people and then become the legal subject of the fundamental and premise.In the basic rights of citizens,the right to life has always been the most important,the right to life is the basis of all human rights,is the most basic rights enjoyed by people.Because the human life is only once,the value of human life is immeasurable,the existence of human life is not only as an individual to survive the guarantee,and the basis of social existence,but also the smooth progress of the cause of socialism,so the study which about the question of the right to life is very important to each of us.However,in real life,a large number of phenomenon which against and even abuse of right to life is still exist.In the course of judicial practice,the right to life sometimes can not be respected and protected.The case Nie Shubin is a typical case of ignoring the right to life.He is only 21 years old,he is so young.Although the case finally ushered in the trial of justice,but the lesson is painful.The wrong decision not only brought great harm to Nie Shubin himself and his family,but also caused a negative impact for the establishment of our judicial credibility,and the protection of the basic rights of citizens.This nationwide case not only raises the concern of the judicial injustice,but also raises the question of the protection of the right to life.Human life is sacred,if we want to human rights,we must first protect the right to life,and the point is that the law is an important means of protection of the right to life,if there is no legal protection for the right to life,all human rights legal protection will be empty or disapear.This case after 22 years of vindication make the academic and public opinion also began to call on the whole society to pay attention to the right to life,called for a high degree of protection from the constitutional right to life.This article is based on Nie Shubin case and take it for the analysis of the background,through the oretical research and case analysis,to explore and study the protection of the right to life.Throughout the world trend,most countries have the right to life protected in constitutional way,although the current sector laws on the right to life have provided some of the protection,but the phenomenon of disregarding the right to life is still common in reality,the fundamental reason is that we lack the respect of cultural concept of the right to life,the state public power does not give enough respect and attention for the right to life,and our constitution in the area of right to life is still blank.However,the constitutional protection of the right to life in our country is very necessary.Therefore,under the modern constitutional concept,we need to focus on the protection of the right to life,and learn from the relevant national experience on the basis of the actual situation in China,take the right to life as a starting point to establish a judicial review system as the goal,and then promote the protection of the right to life into the constitution and to construct the human rights protection system and the human rights culture,this undoubtedly has important theoretical and practical significance for perfecting the basic rights system of our citizens.更多还原