【作者】 林辉；

【导师】 林占熺； 林树钱；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 芦竹是适应性强、生物量大的多年生草本植物,可作饲草、生物质能源、水保植物等,具有良好的综合利用价值。本文对收集的不同地区和国家的芦竹进行了遗传特性分析和农艺性状分析;研究了不同温度对芦竹腋芽萌发的影响;不同位置的腋芽对萌发、幼苗及根系生长影响;不同氮肥使用量对芦竹幼苗及根系活力影响等。在芦竹的综合利用方面,进行了利用芦竹作为主要原料栽培平菇、毛木耳的研究,并对其营养成分进行分析和评价,主要结果如下:1.收集来自非洲和我国不同地区的8个芦竹资源,分别对其rDNA的ITS序列进行扩增及测定,通过比较序列间遗传距离及系统发育树的构建,分析结果表明Lz2、Lz 3、Lz4、Lz 5的亲缘关系较近,Lz8与花叶芦竹亲缘关系较近,其余2种均聚类为独立分枝,亲缘关系较远。2.选取相同场所同时种植的不同地区的芦竹材料,分别测量其株高、叶长、叶片数、叶宽、茎粗、茎节数、节间距、丛重、单株重等农艺性状。通过分析比较各个芦竹品种的农艺性状,探索不同地区芦竹的区别。结果表明,不同地区的芦竹植株,在茎节数、分蘖、单株重、单丛重、光合参数、碳氮比等方面有显著差异,变异丰富,变异系数为14.55%～79.74%,其中单株重的变异系数最大,叶片数的变异系数最小。3.选取腋芽饱满的芦竹茎秆作为试验种茎,利用人工气候箱,设定不同的温度,研究分析不同温度条件下芦竹种茎的发芽率和以及Lz1的根系生长情况。结果表明,温度对芦竹腋芽的萌发及根系生长有显著影响。不同地区的芦竹,其腋芽萌发率不同。25℃～30℃的条件下,Lz 1的发芽率为96.67%～98.67%,Lz3的发芽率为80%～82.67%。30℃时,生长60d的芦竹Lz1幼苗,根系总长为60.89cm,根表面积为1.86cm2,根尖数为775个。4.芦竹苗期肥力的影响,采用单因素随机区组设计,每试验处理氮肥施用量分别为12g、15g、18g、21g,定期记录地上部分生长情况,并于2个月后,测定不同处理芦竹幼苗的根系活力。结果:不同的氮肥使用量,对芦竹幼苗的生物量及根系活力有显著的影响,随着氮肥使用量的增加,芦竹幼苗生物量及根系活力逐渐增加,但增加至一定程度后开始下降。根据幼苗生物量及根系活力,芦竹幼苗生长期最佳的氮肥使用量为375 kg/hm2。5.芦竹栽培平菇的研究表明,不同的培养基配方对平菇菌丝的生长速度有极显著的影响,其中以Lz2为主要原料的配方菌丝生长最佳。芦竹栽培平菇的最佳配方为:芦竹(Lz2)78%,麸皮15%,玉米粉5%,碳酸钙2%;芦竹栽培平菇与五节芒栽培平菇的生物转化率分别为89.72%和88.12%;芦竹栽培平菇的蛋白质为32.6%,氨基酸总量为24.29%,其中必需氨基酸占35.32%;通过CS与AAS分析,芦竹栽培平菇蛋白质的第一限制氨基酸为甲硫氨酸,氨基酸指数(EAAI)为0.82。通过统计分析,芦竹与五节芒栽培平菇在质量和产量方面无明显差异。6.芦竹栽培毛木耳的研究表明,不同培养基配方对毛木耳菌丝的生长速度有极显著的影响。芦竹栽培毛木耳的最佳配方为:芦竹(Lz 2)58%,芒萁20%,麸皮15%,玉米粉5%,石膏2%;生物转化率为112.83%;蛋白质为15.6%,氨基酸总量为11.77%(必需氨基酸占38.66%);通过CS与AAS分析,第一限制氨基酸为甲硫氨酸,氨基酸指数(EAAI)为0.87,为良好的蛋白源。通过统计分析,芦竹与五节芒栽培毛木耳在质量和产量方面无明显差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Arundo donax is adaptable,high biomass of perennial herbaceous plants,got the good utilization value in many field,such as forage,biomass energy,water&soil conservation plant,etc.The article will mainly analyze the genetic characteristics and agronomic traits of Arundo donax which collected from different regions and countries.On the basis of analysis of the germplasm resources,aimed at cuttage propagation of Arundo donax,the research focus on the effects of axillary bud germination,seedling and root growth in different temperature and different positions,the effects of Arundo donax seedling growth and root activity by the different nitrogen fertilizer.In terms of the comprehensive utilization of Arundo donax,studied in taking Arundo donax to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus&Auricularia,at the same time,analysis and evaluation of nutrition value of their fruitbody,the main results of the study are as follows:1.Collecting 8 A.donax resources from Africa and different regions of China,amplified and measured the ITS sequence of the rDNA respectively.Through the phylogenetic tree and analysis of genetic distance,the results show that the Lz 2,Lz 3,Lz 4,Lz 5 are close in genetic relationship and the clustering of then as a branch,Lz8 is close to Arundo donax var.versicolor in genetic relationship,the other 2 were clustered into independent branches,distantly related.2.The plant height,leaf length,leaf number,leaf width,stem diameter,tiller quantity,internode spacing,cluster weight and plant weight were measured of different Arundo donax in the same place.By analyzing and comparing the agronomic traits of various Arundo donax cultivars,the difference of Arundo donax from different areas was explored.Arundo donax varieties from different areas,such as the number of internodes,tillering,weight of single plant,weight of single clump,photosynthetic parameters,carbon and nitrogen ratio have significant difference,rich in variation,variation coefficient from 14.55%一 79.74%,among them,maximum variation coefficient is the weight of single plant,minimum variation coefficient is leaf amount.3.The axillary bud germination rate of A.donax were studied by using the different temperature artificial climate room.The result show us that,temperature has significant impact on the axillary bud germination and root growth of Arundo donax.In addition,different varieties of Arundo donax,the axillary bud germination rate is also different.The optimum temperature of Lz 1 axillary bud germination is 25～30℃,the germination rate is 96.67～98.67%,germination period is about 10 days;with the condition of 25～30 ℃ the germination rate of Lz3 is 80～82.67%.After 60d under 30 C,root total length is 60.89 cm,root surface area of 1.86 cm2,root tip number is 775 of the seedlings of Arundo donax.As a result,the optimum temperature of Arundo donax cuttage propagation is 25～30℃.4.In the experiment of nitrogen effect on the A.donax,12g,15g,18g and 21g of nitrogen fertilizer were application respectively.The growth of aboveground parts was recorded and the root activity of Arundo donax seedlings was studied after 2 months.The study results show that the different nitrogen have a significant impact of Arundo donax seedling biomass and root activity,with the increase of nitrogen,seedling biomass and root activity is up to a certain degree then down gradually.According to seedling biomass and root activity,Arundo donax cuttage propagation,the seedling growth period the best nitrogen fertilizer usage is 375 kg/hm2.5.Pleurotus cultivation by Arundo donax shows that different culture medium formula has a significant impact on mushroom mycelium growth.The best formula of Arundo donax cultivation Pleurotus as follows:Arundo donax 78%,wheat bran 15%,corn flour 5%,and calcium carbonate 2%.The biological conversion rate of Arundo donax and Miscanthus floridulus cultivation Pleurotus were 89.72%and 88.12%respectively.The protein of Arundo donax cultivation Pleurotus is 32.6%,24.29%for total amino acids,essential amino acids accounted is 35.32%.Through the analysis of CS and AAS,the first limiting amino acid of Arundo donax cultivation Pleurotus is Methionine;amino acid index(EAAI)is 0.82.Through the statistic analysis,no obvious difference was found between Miscanthus floridulus and Arundo donax cultivation pleurotus.6.The research of Arundo donax cultivation polytricha shows that different culture medium formula has a significant impact on mycelium growth rate.The best formula of Arundo donax cultivation Auricularia polytricha is:Arundo donax 58%,Dicranopteris dichotoma 20%,wheat bran 15%,corn flour 5%,and gypsum 2%.The biological conversion rate is 112.83%,protein is 15.6%,11.77%for total amino acids(essential amino acids 38.66%).Through the analysis of CS and AAS,the first limiting amino acid is methionine;amino acid index(EAAI)is 0.87,as a good source of protein.Through the statistic analysis,no obvious difference was found between Miscanthus floridulus and Arundo donax cultivation Auricularia polytricha.更多还原