【作者】 魏巍；

【导师】 柯坚；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 风险作为一种观念随着全球化和现代化的发展席卷全球,风险社会也成为世界的发展趋势。环境风险作为主要的风险形式之一,开始对人类社会产生重要影响。随着环境污染的日益加剧和公众风险意识的普遍觉醒,邻避冲突逐渐成为现代社会不可忽视的难题之一。传统上,社会学、管理学、经济学等学科着重研究如何通过经济补偿、程序参与等具体方式来在个案中化解邻避冲突。然而,这些研究都只能在个案中控制邻避冲突的发展或扩大,却不能通过法治途径化解邻避冲突,更遑论以法治路径构建化解邻避冲突等社会冲突的制度。实际上,随着我国经济的发展、社会的进步以及城镇化的飞速进展,近几年来邻避冲突这一新型的社会冲突在我国频发。然而,在我国邻避冲突频发的现实面前,我国对此的应对仍然以政府主导的管制、控制等解决传统社会矛盾的简单思维和对立态度为主要方式,甚至是目前在我国邻避冲突实践中化解冲突的主要方式。中国式邻避冲突一般会涉及地方政府,而邻避冲突的化解却仍由政府主导,这种地方政府既做运动员又做裁判的冲突化解方式是很难让冲突中的利益各方信服的,因此,邻避冲突的彻底解决亟需更为权威和透明的法治化路径来处置。而法治化的主要方式之一,司法救济方式,在邻避冲突的化解中却是长期缺失和缺位的。在跨学科研究的基础上,本文的研究思路具体如下展开:本文共分为五章,其中第一章在综合国内外学者研究的基础上,界定邻避冲突的定义,并提出邻避冲突具有主观要素——邻避心理和客观要素——邻避设施的观点,并以此展开对邻避冲突的研究,探讨邻避冲突的直接和实质含义。同时,在界定邻避冲突定义的基础上,对邻避冲突进行类型化区分,依据邻避设施建设的不同阶段,将邻避冲突划分为拟议阶段的邻避冲突,项目建设阶段的邻避冲突以及项目建成后的邻避冲突,并对各个阶段的邻避冲突进行分析,从而总结出可以通过司法救济的邻避冲突类型,将邻避冲突纳入到法治化解决的渠道。第二章,通过对实践中典型的邻避冲突——PX项目事件一系列案例的分析,总结出我国PX项目事件中的现象和问题,并指出当前我国化解邻避冲突的困境和司法救济制度缺陷,指出破解该困境的司法救济方式。第三章,通过对我国现行法律对于邻避冲突化解的缺位的分析,指出我国现有法律法规规定的不足,其中包括公众参与的不深入、信息公开的不充分、法律规定的缺乏和司法救济的缺失等。同时,指出司法介入邻避冲突等社会冲突治理所存在的困难,并寻求司法救济的突破。第四章,为更好地化解邻避冲突,通过对邻避冲突司法救济原则的探讨和分析,在化解邻避冲突时倡导预防和风险预防原则、利益平衡原则、公众参与原则和全过程救济原则。第五章,在能动司法的理念的前提下,指出司法机关在宏观上应主动介入邻避冲突的化解,根据现实情形和具体案例,合理运用化解邻避冲突的上述原则,并在法律允许范围内,适当扩大受案范围、扩大当事人主体资格、创新司法化解邻避冲突的方式方法;在微观层面,通过完善传统的民事、行政诉讼和新型的公益诉讼的方式,改善诉讼的程序和环节,促进社会冲突的解决,保障冲突各方的合法权益,维护社会的和谐稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Risk,as a concept,with the development of globalization and modernization sweeping the globe,risk society has become the world’s development trend.As one of the main forms of risk,environmental risk has an important impact on human society.With the aggravation of the environmental pollution and the public awareness of the risk consciousness,the NIMBY conflict has become one of the most difficult problems in modern society.Traditionally,sociology,management science,economics and other disciplines focus on how to resolve the conflict in the case through economic compensation,procedural participation and other specific ways.However,these studies only temporarily avoid NIMBY conflict getting worse,but can not completely resolve NIMBY conflict or bring NIMBY conflict into rule of law,not to mention set a specific institution to solve the NIMBY conflict by the rule of law.In fact,with China’s economic development,social progress and the rapid progress of urbanization,as a new type of social conflict in recent years,the NIMBY conflict occurs frequently.However,in our country,even the NIMBY conflict occurs so frequently in China recently,the administration still takes the traditional measures,such as,suppressing the conflict,concealing the conflict,and so on,to solve the NIMBY conflict.The solution of the NIMBY conflict is dominated by the administration,and it is the most important way to solve the conflict.It is also a dilemma with Chinese type to solve the NIMBY conflict,namely NIMBY conflict of China type:administrative organs is always involved in the NIMBY conflict in China.The resolution of the conflict is still dominated by administrative organs.The other parties of NIMBY conflict can’t trust the result when the administrative organs dominates the resolution of the NIMBY conflict.The conflict needs more authoritative and transparent way to deal with.And the most important way of the rule of law,that is,legislation and justice,in the settlement of the conflict is a long absence.On the basis of interdisciplinary research,the research ideas of this paper are as follows:This paper is divided into five chapters,in the first chapter,in the study of a number of scholars on the basis of defining the connotation of NIMBY conflict.In this way,we study the NIMBY conflict.According to the different stages of NIMBY facilities construction,the NIMBY conflict can be classified into the proposed stage of NIMBY conflict,NIMBY conflict of project that is being constructed and NIMBY conflict of project after the completion.It can be concluded that the type of NIMBY conflict which can be solved by judicial way.In the second chapter,through analyzes the practice of typical NIMBY conflict,PX project case,summarizes the phenomena and problems of our country PX project events,and point out that the current stage of China’s judicial system to resolve the dilemma and adjacent defects to avoid conflict,and points out that judicial break the plight of the solution.In the third chapter,Based on the analysis for the absence of NIMBY conflict and defects of the current law of our country,points out the deficiency of the existing legal provisions of our country,including the provisions of the lack of public participation,lack of public information,the lack of legal provisions and judicial relief.At the same time also pointed out the lack of judicial intervention in avoiding conflict o social governance is difficult,and to seek judicial relief breakthrough.In the fourth chapter,In order to better resolve the conflict,through the exploration and analysis of the principle of judicial remedy of the conflict avoidance,the principle of public participation,the principle of public participation and the principle of the whole process of collision avoidance are discussed.In the fifth chapter,in the premise of the concept of judicial activism,the judicial organs should take the initiative to intervene to resolve the NIMBY conflict at the macro level.According to the situation and the specific case,within the scope permitted by law,adopt appropriate to expand the scope,expand the qualification of the parties,to resolve the NIMBY conflict by the judicial innovation.At the micro level,through the improvement of the traditional the civil and administrative litigation and new litigation mode,improve litigation procedure and links,promoting the resolution of social conflict,safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the conflict,to maintain social harmony and stability.更多还原