【作者】 张博；

【导师】 徐建中；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 应用化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 目前应用于PVC的阻燃剂主要有卤-锑协同阻燃剂、磷酸酯类阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂、抑烟剂等。卤-锑协同阻燃剂中的锑化合物主要是三氧化二锑,三氧化二锑在增强阻燃效果的同时也增加了生烟量,并且可能与致癌有关,所以找到三氧化二锑的替代品势在必行。随着欧盟ROSH指令和REACH法规的提出及执行,各国环保意识的增强,对阻燃剂提出了越来越高的要求。由于含卤阻燃剂对社会环境和我们的生活带来许多的负面影响,在各行各业,阻燃剂的使用已开始转向无卤体系。低烟、低毒、无污染的无卤高效阻燃剂已成为环保型阻燃剂发展的必然趋势。阻燃剂的发展史与化学元素周期表对比可以发现具有阻燃性的元素主要是锌、铁、锡、镁、铝及过渡金属。本文主要致力于合成具有铝酸盐、铁酸盐及复合羟基锡酸盐并将其应用于PVC进行阻燃消烟研究。本文首先介绍了国内外的PVC的生产及应用得情况,并对部分通用的阻燃剂进行了介绍。阐明了要研究新型高效阻燃剂的必要性和本文的研究思路。第二部分,介绍了试验过程中所需要的样品和仪器。第三部分,合成了铝酸锌并研究了其对软质PVC阻燃型的影响,结果表明铝酸锌具有较强的阻燃性能能够部分或完全代替三氧化二锑应用于软PVC对其进行阻燃消烟处理。第四部分,对比了部分铝酸盐对软PVC的阻燃消烟作用,结果发现部分铝酸盐的阻燃消烟性能较好,且能够增加样品的稳定性,对样品的机械性能影响不大。在该部分铝酸盐中铝酸镁的效果最好。第五部分,合成了铁酸锌,并研究了其对软PVC的阻燃消烟性能的影响。结果发现,在添加量少量的铁酸锌即可使软质PVC样品的达到30以上,且不影响样品的其它性能。第六部分,研究了系列铁酸盐对软PVC阻燃消烟性能和力学性能的影响,并对该部分铁酸盐的性能进行了对比。研究结果发现,铁酸钙和铁酸镁是所研究的几种铁酸盐中性能较优异的,可应用于软PVC的阻燃消烟研究。第七部分,研究了系列复合羟基锡酸盐对软PVC阻燃消烟性能和力学性能的影响。研究结果发现,复合羟基锡酸盐对软PVC都有很好的阻燃消烟作用,能降低软PVC的拉伸强度,增大其断裂伸长率,都能提高软PVC的抗冲强度。综合考虑阻燃剂对软PVC阻燃消烟和力学性能的影响,[ZHS+Fe2Sn3(OH)18]是上述几种复合羟基锡酸盐中综合性能最优异的。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the present time, the main flame retardants of poly vinyl chloride are synergetic flame retardants of halogen-antimony, ester phosphate, inorganic compounds, smoke suppressants and so on. The main synergetic flame retardants of halogen-antimony is antimony trioxide, it can decrease the inflammability of materials, increase the smoke production at the same time, and may result in cancer, so it is necessary to replace antimony trioxide by other flame retardants. With ROSH and REACH dictate put forward and enforce, Many countries has boosted up the consciousness of environment and bring forward more requests to flame retarrdant. Halogen flame retardant brings much disadvantage influence to entironment and our live, so in many industries non-halogen, low smoke, low poison and environmental protection flame retardants has became the development of flam-retardant. Compare the flame retardants and periodic table of elements, we found that zinc, iron, tin, magnesium, aluminum and excessive metal are flame retardance elements. In this paper aluminates, ferrites and complex stannates were synthesized and studied the flame ability in semirigid PVC.In the first part f the study, the produce and application of PVC in and out our country are inroduced. Some commercial flame retardants were inroduced. The necessity of flame retardant and the thinking of this paper are clarified in this part.In the second part f the study, the process and apparatus of experiment were inroduced.In the third part of the study, zinc aluminate was prepared and the flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of zinc aluminate were studied. The results showed thar zinc aluminate can be some or all the substitute for antimony trioxide as the flame retardant and smoke suppressant materials of soft poly vinyl chloride.In the fourth part of the study, the flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties ofaluminates were studied compared with each other. The results showed that aluminates have better flame retardance and can enhance the thermal stability of soft PVC. The flame retardants of aluminates has little influnce to the mechanical capability to soft PVC. In this part, magnesium aluminate was the best flame retardant.In the fifth part of the study, zinc ferrite was prepared, and its flame retardant and smoke suppressant effects on poly vinyl chloride was studied. The results showed that the flame retardant cound enhence the LOI of sample to up 30 at low addition and did not influence the other ability of PVC. In the sixth part of the study, the flame retardant, smoke suppressant and mechanical properties of a series of hydroxystannates were studied and compared some ability of sample, which were treated with different ferrites. The results showed that calcium ferrite and magnesium ferrite were the better flame retardants and would be used as flame retardat of soft PVC.In the seventh part of the study, the flame retardant, smoke suppressant and mechanical properties of the composite hydroxystannates were studied. The results showed that the composite hydroxystannate had the better flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties, and they can reduce the tensile strength, improve the elongation and impact strength of the soft poly vinyl chloride.The composite hydroxystannate of zinc hydroxystannate and iron hydroxystannate (ZHS+Fe2Sn3(OH)18) had the best integrated properties of the upper composite hydroxystannates.更多还原