【作者】 赵鹏；

【导师】 许盛宝； 刘曼双；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是世界上重要的粮食作物,我国人口众多,小麦消费量大,长期以来,我国小麦育种工作为增产而忽略了对品质的改良。随着人民生活水平的不断提升,人们对小麦品质提出了更高的要求。在我国现有土地资源的基础上,引进国外优质小麦种质资源,进行合理的组合搭配,培育优质小麦品种是解决现有问题的根本途径。本试验以由美国、ICARDA和印度引进的112份小麦种质资源为材料,于2016-2017、2017-2018年分别在陕西杨凌官村与曹新庄进行田间试验,系统评估了112份材料的品质性状,为后续优质育种工作提供了重要参考。通过分析数据,主要得到以下结论:(1)112份材料中面团稳定时间、形成时间和千粒重这三个性状存在着较大变异,表型多样性丰富。(2)根据主成分分析结果,我们可以将11个性状简化为淀粉含量、千粒重和出粉率三个性状用于种质资源的筛选,淀粉含量较高、千粒重和出粉率适中的材料综合品质性状表现好。(3)小麦品质性状间关系复杂,水分含量与吸水率具有显著负相关关系;粗蛋白含量(干基)与面筋含量(湿基)、淀粉含量和沉降值相互之间具有极强的正相关关系,且这些性状与容重呈负相关关系;面团稳定时间和形成时间这两个与面筋强度有关的性状呈正相关关系,但面团稳定时间与出粉率呈负相关关系。性状间复杂的关系说明一味提高某一性状可能会导致其他性状的降低。两年数据的多元回归分析结果表明,出粉率与面团稳定时间具有负相关关系,与相关性分析结果一致;水分、面筋含量(湿基)和容重均对千粒重有影响,且水分对千粒重的影响最大。(4)根据112份材料两年田间试验数据,我们筛选得到了一批在杨凌品质性状表现优异的小麦种质资源材料,利用这些材料,针对不同育种目标,进行合理的搭配组合,可改良我国现有品种的品质,为优质育种工作提供重要参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is an important food crop in the world.China has a large population and large consumption of wheat.For a long time,China’s wheat breeding work has increased production and neglected the improvement of quality.With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards,people have put forward higher requirements for wheat quality.On the basis of the existing land resources in China,the introduction of foreign high-quality wheat germplasm resources,combination and cultivation of high-quality wheat varieties are the fundamental ways to solve the existing problems.This experiment used 112 wheat germplasm resources imported from the United States,ICARDA and India as materials.It was tested in Guancun and Cao Xinzhuang in Shaanxi from 2016-2017 and 2017-2018,and systematically evaluated the quality traits of 112 materials.The results provide an important reference for subsequent quality breeding.By analyzing the data,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)Among the 112 materials,there were large variations in dough stability time,formation time and 1000-grain weight,and the phenotypic diversity was abundant.(2)According to the results of principal component analysis,we can simplify the 11 traits into three traits of starch content,1000-grain weight and flour extraction rate for the screening of germplasm resources,the comprehensive quality traits of varieties with high starch content,1000-grain weight and moderate flour yield were good.(3)The relationship between wheat quality traits is complex,and the water content has a significant negative correlation with water absorption.The crude protein content(dry basis)and gluten content(wet basis),starch content and sedimentation value have a strong positive correlation with each other.These traits were negatively correlated with the bulk density;the dough stability time and formation time were positively correlated with the gluten strengthrelated traits,but the dough stability time was negatively correlated with the flour extraction rate.Simply increasing a certain trait may result in a decrease in other traits.The multivariate regression analysis of the two-year data showed that the flour extraction rate had a negative correlation with the dough stability time,which was consistent with the correlation analysis results;the moisture,gluten content(wet basis)and bulk density all had an effect on the 1000-grain weight,and the moisture on the 1000-grain weight most influential.(4)Based on the two-year field trial data of 112 materials,we have selected a batch of wheat germplasm resources with excellent quality traits in Yangling.Using these materials,reasonable mix and match for different breeding objectives can improve the quality of existing varieties in China,providing an important reference for quality breeding work.更多还原