【作者】 赵晶；

【导师】 王正明；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 应用经济学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,中国的经济有了跨越式的发展。随着工业化和城镇化水平的不断提升,资源浪费、环境污染等问题日益严重,二氧化碳排放量不断增加,中国一跃成为世界上最大的二氧化碳排放国。中国政府相继颁布了多项与环境有关的政策文件,并作出减排承诺。技术进步是推动低碳发展的根本驱动力,是实现可持续发展的必然选择。基于此,本文在区域经济学和能源经济学的基础上,实证分析了四种不同来源的技术进步对碳排放效率的空间影响,为地区实现低碳发展选择合适的技术进步方式。第一,在对技术进步概念界定的基础上,将技术进步按照不同来源分为:原始创新、模仿创新、直接引进和间接引进,研究不同来源的技术进步对碳排放的影响机理。其次,一方面运用Super-SBM模型测算出碳排放效率值,另一方面采用熵值法对四种不同来源的技术进步进行拟合,探究中国碳排放和技术进步的发展现状。第二,运用空间杜宾模型(SDM)分析四种不同来源的技术进步对碳排放效率影响的空间效应。在全国层面上,原始创新、直接引进和间接引进均有利于提高碳排放效率,但是原始创新对碳排放效率的影响并不显著,直接引进会抑制本地区的碳排放效率,模仿创新会导致碳排放效率降低。因此,对于中国的整体发展而言,间接引进是低碳发展最优的技术进步方式。第三,根据中国碳排放和技术进步的空间分布特征,分别针对东部、中部和西部分别进行实证研究,进一步运用门槛模型,探寻适合不同地区低碳发展的技术进步方式。东部地区主要为长三角、珠三角和京津冀等发达地区,技术创新的节能减排意识较强,对先进技术的消化、吸收和引用只是地区发展的辅助部分。因此,东部地区应采用以原始创新为主、间接引进为辅的技术进步方式,且原始创新要实现研发经费投入强度大于0.35,间接引进要使单位GDP的外商直接投资保持在0.5240和0.7349水平之间;中部地区承接了东部地区的产业转型,正处于工业化和城镇化快速发展阶段,技术创新力度较小,加大技术引进力度是现阶段中部地区低碳发展的重要途径。因此,中部地区应采用直接引进作为主要的技术进步方式,但是要控制直接引进的力度,将国外技术引进合同维持在4.9998项到31.9989项之间;西部地区受地理位置的局限,经济发展非常落后,技术创新侧重于生产,对碳排放效率产生抑制作用。相对于自身的技术创新,技术引进更适合西部地区的发展速度。因此,西部地区应采用以直接引进为主,间接引进为辅的技术进步方式,且直接引进要保证国外技术引进合同低于154.0073项。最后,在不同来源的技术进步对碳排放效率影响研究的基础上,分别从技术进步和地区发展的角度,为全国的低碳发展提出了具有针对性的建议,分别是:充分利用地区优势,实行差异化的技术发展政策;优化技术引进结构,加大自主创新能力;积极营造技术溢出,加强区域技术合作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since reform and opening,China’s economy has developed by leaps and bounds.With the continuous improvement of industrialization and urbanization,problems such as waste of resources and environmental pollution have become increasingly serious.Carbon dioxide emissions have increased,and China has become the world largest carbon dioxide emitter.The Chinese government has successively issued a number of environmental-related policy documents and made emission reduction commitments.However,technological progress is the fundamental driving force for promoting low-carbon development and an inevitable choice for achieving sustainable development.Based on regional economics and energy economics,this paper empirically analyzes the spatial impact of four different sources of technological progress on carbon emissions efficiency,and selects the appropriate technological progress for regional low carbon development.Firstly,according to the definition of technological progress concept,this paper divides technological progress according to different sources: original innovation,imitation innovation,direct introduction and indirect introduction,and studies the mechanism of the influence of technological progress from different sources on carbon emissions.Secondly,on one hand,the Super-SBM model is used to calculate the carbon emissions efficiency.On the other hand,the entropy method is used to fit the technological progress to explore the development status of China’s carbon emissions and technological progress.Secondly,this paper uses the spatial Dubin model(SDM)to analyze the spatial effects of four different sources of technological progress on carbon emissions efficiency.From the perspective of country,original innovation,direct introduction and indirect introduction are all conducive to improving carbon emissions efficiency,but the impact of original innovation on carbon emissions efficiency is not significant;direct introduction curbs the efficiency of carbon emissions in the region;imitation innovation leads to lower carbon emissions efficiency.Therefore,for China’s overall development,the introduction of technology with indirect introduction is the optimal technological progress for low carbon development.Thirdly,according to the characteristics of China’s carbon emissions and technological progress,it is carried out separately for the eastern,central and western regions.Furthermore,the threshold model is used to explore the path of technological progress which is suitable for low-carbon development in different regions.The eastern region is mainly developed areas such as the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.The awareness of energy-saving and emission reduction of technological innovation is strong.The digestion,absorption and reference of advanced technologies are only an auxiliary part of regional development.Thus,the eastern region adopts the path based on original innovation and indirect introduction,and the original innovation should achieve R&D expenditure intensity greater than 0.35,and indirect introduction should be maintained between 0.5240 and 0.7349 in FDI per unit GDP.The central region,which is in the stage of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,has undertaken industrial transformation in the eastern region.The technological innovation is relatively small.Increasing the introduction of technology is an important way for low-carbon development in the central region at this stage.Therefore,the central region adopts direct introduction,and the limitation of the foreign technology import contract should be maintained between 4.9998 and 31.9989.The western region is limited by geographical location,which economic development is very backward.In the west,technological innovation focuses on production,which has a restraining effect on carbon emissions efficiency.Compared with its own technological innovation,technology introduction is more suitable for the development speed of the western region.So,the western area adopts direct and indirect introductions,and the direct introduction of foreign technology import contracts should be less than 154.0073.Finally,on the basis of the research on the impact of technological progress on carbon emissions efficiency,from the perspective of technological progress and regional development,this paper makes suggestions for low-carbon development: making full use of regional advantages and implementing differentiated technology development policies;optimizing technology introduction structure and increasing independent innovation capability;creating technology spillovers actively and strengthening regional technical cooperation.更多还原