【作者】 赵倩；

【导师】 陈贵林；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 生物工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 北沙参（Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.）是常用养阴药,具有滋阴润肺功效。内蒙古自治区、山东省和河北省是北沙参的主要生产地区。然而,中药材的品质受遗传和环境因素的综合影响。因此,本研究比较了三个主产区北沙参的浸出物、多糖含量,结合当地30年的年均温、年降水量等因素,探究了北沙参品质与气候因子的相关性;并将两个种源的北沙参种子,同期种植在四个地区,进一步探究北沙参的成分与生态因子的相关性;同时初步探讨了磷钾肥与有机肥对北沙参产量与品质的影响。研究结果如下:1.通过将收集的15份北沙参进行浸出物、多糖含量测定,并与气候因子的相关性分析可知:北沙参的水溶性浸出物、多糖含量与年均温、相对湿度呈显著负相关,与日照时数呈显著正相关。其中,山东省莱阳市和内蒙古喀喇沁旗所产北沙参水溶性浸出物含量较高;河北省安国市的北沙参中醇溶性浸出物含量达到11.4%,显著高于其他样品;内蒙古自治区、山东省和河北省的样品中多糖含量分别为69.8%-82.9%、42.3%-71.7%、57.9%-73.8%。2.通过对四个种植区北沙参生物量及品质的研究表明,内蒙古和林格尔县收获的北沙参根粗及根干重最优,甘肃民乐县采集的北沙参中水溶性浸出物含量显著高于其他样品,为76.4%;内蒙古阿拉善左旗的北沙参中醇溶性浸出物含量最低,为7.8%;8份样品的多糖含量为64.4%-74.3%。四个种植地区中北沙参浸出物及多糖含量与土壤因子的相关性结果表明:北沙参的水溶性浸出物、多糖含量与土壤pH呈负相关,与土壤中有机碳、速效磷、速效钾等养分指标呈正相关,醇溶性浸出物与土壤pH、速效钾和全钾含量呈负相关,与其他养分指标呈正相关。3.在施肥实验中,无论是施用磷钾肥还是有机肥,施肥均有利于北沙参的生长。当施加有机肥为111 kg·hm^-2时,可显著促进北沙参株高及主根的生长;其多糖含量达到84.5%,显著高于其他处理;与对照相比,小区产量提高了1.2倍。4.加工处理方式显著影响北沙参的成分含量,带皮的北沙参根部水、醇溶性浸出物含量显著高于去皮的北沙参,其多糖含量显著低于去皮的北沙参。更多还原

【Abstract】 Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.（G.littoralis）is herbal drug to treat lung diseases.Inner Mongolia,Shandong and Hebei Province are the main production areas of G.littoralis.However,the quality of traditional Chinese medicine is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.Therefore,this study compared the extracts and polysaccharide contents of G.littoralis in three main producing areas,which combined with the local annual average temperature and annual precipitation for 30 years,to explore the correlation between the quality of G.littoralis and climatic factors;and planted the seeds of G.littoralis from two origins in four regions at the same times in order to explore the correlation between the components of G.littoralis and ecological factors.And we preliminarily discussed the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or organic fertilizer on yield and quality of G.littoralis.The results are as follows:1.Through the correlation analysis between the extracts、polysaccharide contents about fifteen samples of G.littoralis and climatic factors,we can see that the water soluble extract and polysaccharide contents of G.littoralis were negatively correlated with annual average temperature and relative humidity,and positively correlated with sunshine hours.The water soluble extract contents of G.littoralis from Laiyang city of Shandong province and Kalaqin banner of Inner Mongolia were higher than that of other samples;the content of alcohol soluble extract in G.littoralis from Anguo city of Hebei province reached 11.4%,which was significantly higher than other samples;the polysaccharide content of samples from Inner Mongolia、Hebei and Shandong province ranged from 69.8%to 82.9%,varied between 42.3%and 71.7%,went from 57.9%to 73.8%,respectively.2.The biomass and quality of G.littoralis in four planting areas were studied.Results are as follows:the root diameter and dry weight of G.littoralis in Horinger County of Inner Mongolia were best.The content of water soluble extract in G.littoralis from Minle County of Gansu province was significantly higher than that of other samples（76.4%）;the content of alcohol soluble extracts in G.littoralis from Alashan Zuoqi of Inner Mongolia was the lowest（7.8%）;the polysaccharide content in eight samples ranged from 64.4%to 74.3%.The results of correlation between the extracts、polysaccharide contents of G.littoralis in four growing areas and edaphic factors showed that:the contents of water soluble extract and polysaccharide of G.littoralis were negatively correlated with soil pH,and positively correlated with soil organic carbon,available phosphorus and potassium.The contents of alcohol soluble extract were negatively correlated with available potassium、total potassium and soil pH,and positively correlated with other nutrient indexes.3.In the fertilization experiment,whether applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or organic fertilizer,fertilization is beneficial to the growth of G.littoralis.When chose the concentration of organic fertilizer at 111 kg·hm^-2,the plant height and the growth of main roots of G.littoralis were significantly promoted;the polysaccharide content of G.littoralis reached 84.5%,which was higher significantly than other treatments.When compared with the control,the yield of plots increased by 1.2 times.4.The processing method has a significant effect on the content of G.littoralis’ingredients.The contents of water and alcohol soluble extracts in G.littoralis with cortex were significantly higher than that of G.littoralis without cortex,the results of polysaccharide content were reversed.更多还原