【作者】 李静敏；

【导师】 史益敏； 姚永康；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 园艺（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 多肉植物是指其营养器官的某一部分,如茎、叶或根(有些种类兼有两部分)具有发达的薄壁组织用以贮藏水分,在外形上显得肥厚多汁的一类植物。多肉植物大部分生长在干旱或一年中有一段时间干旱的地区,每年有很长一段时间根系吸收不到水分,仅靠体内贮藏的水分维持生命。其中景天科多肉植物形态各异,颜色丰富艳丽,有较高的观赏价值,深受市场欢迎。但目前国内有关多肉植物的研究较少且不系统,亟待对多肉植物栽培生产中的技术问题进行深入探讨,从而有助于多肉植物的生产和市场的健康发展,进一步促进多肉植物产业的壮大。本文对常见景天科多肉植物的生物学特征和栽培基质、繁殖技术等进行了研究,以期对多肉植物的栽培和繁殖提供技术支持和参考。1.总结归纳景天科8个属70种多肉植物的生物学特征通过对景天科多肉植物的观察、记录和分类,归纳了景天科8个属70种多肉植物的生物学特征。对这70种多肉植物的生长地和生长习性、不同生长条件和不同生长阶段的多肉植物生物学特征进行了详细记录并配图片说明。尤其是经过近两年的栽培,大多数植物从单纯的营养生长发展到生殖生长阶段,对多肉植物的花期、花序、花朵、花色进行了描述。2.对景天科多肉植物的栽培基质配方进行了调整和改良为了达到降低生产成本的目的,本文对多肉植物栽培基质配方进行了调整和改良研究。通过试验,得到了新的替代配方,并运用于生产实践中,降低了近一半的生产成本,取得了很好的经济效益,超额完成了作者工作单位扩繁2000m2多肉植物的工作任务。3.对4属12种多肉植物进行了叶片扦插和剪头枝插繁殖研究通过对景天属的塔洛克、薄雪万年草和球松,拟石莲花属的保利安娜、静夜和女美月,莲花掌属的小人祭、黑法师和艳日辉,青锁龙属的波尼亚、若绿、星乙女进行了繁殖试验,表明景天属和拟石莲花属可通过叶插或枝插繁殖;莲花掌属和青锁龙属大多数品种则只能通过枝插繁殖,叶片扦插很难成功,这可为其它多肉植物的繁殖提供技术和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Succulents are a group of plants that have some vegetative organs,such as stems,leaves or roots that are more than normally thickened and fleshy,usually to retain water in the highly developed parenchyma.Most of the succulent plants grow in arid or semi-arid area with limited water sources.Their growth and development largely depend on the water stored in their bodies.The Crassulaceae becomes one of the most popular ornamental succulent families on the market because of their richness in color,as well as their striking and unusual appearance.Although succulent plants become more and more popular in China,there is almost no systematic research on them.To further promote the growth of succulent plant industry,especially providing technical support for the cultivation and propagation of succulent plants,biological characteristics,growth substrates and propagation techniques of some popular Crassulaceae species were systemically investigated and discussed in this paper.1.Characterization of different species of the Crassulaceae familyThe biological characteristics and growth habit of 70 species from 8 genera of the Crassulaceae family were investigated and documented.After nearly two years of continuous cultivation in the greenhouse,most succulent plants experienced a transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth,during which the biological characteristics such as flowering time,inflorescence,flower shape and color of the succulent plants were analyzed and documented.2.Modification of the growth substrate for Crassulaceae succulent plant cultivationTo reduce the cost,the formula of the growth substrate for succulent plant cultivation was modified and optimized.An alternative formula was tested and applied in mass production.The actual cost of production was nearly cut into half,hence achieved great economic benefits.The total amount of propagated succulent plants was exceeded 2000 square meters during the past 2 years.3.Cutting propagation assays using leaves or shoot apexesTo explore possible approaches for propagation of Crassulaceae succulent plants,totally 12 different plant species including Sedum Joyce Tulloch,Sedum hispanicum,and Sedum multiceps of the genus Sedum;Echeveria Benimusume,Echeveria derenbergii,and Echeveria cv.Yeomiwol of the genus Echeveria;Aeonium sedifolius,Aeonium arboreum cv.Atropurpureum,and Aeonium decorum Webb ex Bolle of the genus Aeonium;as well as Crassula browniana,Crassula lycopodioides,and Crassula perforate of the genus Crassula were tested for cutting propagation using leaves or shoot apexes.The results indicated that plants of genera Sedum and Echeveria can be successfully propagated by either leaf cuttings or shoot apex cuttings,while most of those from genera Aeonium and Crassula can only be propagated by shoot apex but not leaf cuttings.This study provides technical supports and practical advices for the propagation of other succulent plant species.更多还原