【作者】 陈杰；

【导师】 郭常宁； 吴雷；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国能源结构的调整和清洁能源政策的出台,核电运行管理企业迎来新的发展机遇,机组安全可靠运行正成为新的挑战。核电厂应用板式热交换器作为设备水热交换器,通过热交换器将设备运行的热量传递到海水系统中。在此过程中海水冲蚀会造成热交换器板片减薄甚至穿孔,海水会进入交换器或设备冷却水向外泄漏。同时,海水中存在絮状物,进入交换器后将导致板间堵塞。热交换器板厚度较薄,局部减薄严重后会进一步扩大板片穿孔面积,因此需频繁检修。现有解体检修成本较高,且反复拆装板式热交换器会影响设备冷却能力。如何降低故障、提高设备可靠性成为迫切需要研究的问题。本文采用故障模式、影响和危害性分析(FMECA)对板式热交换器进行可靠性建模;通过风险优先数排序确认主要故障模式;对主要模式进行成因分析。就海水冲蚀产生孔洞,引起絮状物在冷却板间堵塞,以及对板式换热器的板片进行机理分析。在此基础上,通过对冷却板片的特征量计算得出板式热交换器的可靠性及周期内缺陷频率,最后与所产生的实际缺陷次数对比,理论分析与实验结果基本一致。通过对课题的研究,提高分析问题、解决问题的能力和工作水平,为核电厂同类设备进行可靠性分析提供了范例,应用先进理念提升设备管理水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the adjustment of China’s energy structure,the introduction of national clean energy policy,nuclear power operation and management enterprises usher in new opportunities,while the safe and reliable operation of the unit is becoming a challenge.Nuclear power plants often use plate heat exchangers as the equipment for water heat exchangers that transfer heat from the equipment to the seawater system,where the heat exchanger slabs are thinned or even perforated due to seawater erosion while seawater may enter the exchanger or the equipment cooling water leaks outwards.The presence of floc in seawater would enter the exchanger that lead to blockage between the board,and the thickness of the switch plate is thin,the phenomenon of local thinning will further expand the plate perforation area which bring frequent maintenance.As the existing disassembly maintenance costs much,and repeated disassembly of plate heat exchangers,will also affect the cooling capacity of equipment,how to reduce the failure,improve equipment reliability has become an urgency.In this paper,the reliability model of plate heat exchangers is modeled by f Failure Mode,Effects and Criticism Analysis(FMECA),and then the main failure modes are identified by the priority ranking of risk,and the main model is analyzed.Seawater erosion creates holes that while the floc appears between the cooling plates.We analyze the material according to this phenomenon and the cooling plate of the plate heat exchanger.On the basis of this,the reliability of the plate heat exchanger and the frequency of the defect in the cycle are calculated by calculating the characteristic quantity of the cooling plate.Finally,the theoretical analysis is basically the same as the actual defect.Through the research of the subject,we improved the ability of analyzing and solving,while provides an example for the reliability analysis of similar equipment in the nuclear power plan which adopts the advanced concept to enhance the management level of the power plant equipment.更多还原