【作者】 李超；

【导师】 罗军刚；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随区域国民经济的快速发展,河北省地下水超采现象从上世纪七十年代绵延至今已四十余年,引发了一系列的生态环境问题,国家对此十分重视,投入了大量的人力物力开展超采治理行动。河北省在经过三年的压采试点工作后,取得了初步成效,于2019年正式推出了《华北地区地下水超采综合治理行动方案》,该方案无疑将成为未来一段时期内京津冀地区全面压采工作的行动纲领。从目前压采措施实施过程及压采效果来看,对压采过程的“强监管”要快速落实,不能局限于眼前的初步效益,更要提高投入的实效,把压采工作长期有序地坚持下去。本文以衡水市三年压采试点工作为背景,收集相关数据,分析压采效果,研究压采方案可视化,把压采工作的各个环节过程化,并设计基于过程化及主题的评价模式,利用现代信息技术开发实现地下水压采效果过程化评价系统。主要研究内容如下:(1)查阅文献、收集资料、现场调研,对研究区域地下水超采状况分析,梳理了地下水压采的措施及方案,从地下水要素动态变化及相关特征要素的时空分布与变化规律等方面,归纳总结了多年来实施压采的效果。(2)构建了地下水压采效果评价的指标集,选取了综合指数法、灰色关联分析法作为综合评价方法;针对地下水压采的措施及方案,探索了方案的流程化、可视化表达;提出了压采效果的过程化评价模式,并以问题为导向确立评价主题,针对不同主题下的指标筛选、服务流程、方案方法选用等内容开展过程化评价。(3)采用业务组件化、效果过程化、方案可视化的设计思想,开发了河北衡水地下水压采效果过程化评价系统。详细描述了系统开发流程中业务组件的开发定制和评价服务的搭建;通过试点区压采信息的定时上传更新确保实际压采工作与评价服务同步进行;可视化的评价系统可实时查询压采过程中的措施实施情况及阶段性压采效果,同时开展阶段性评价和实施行动导向。过程化评价针对主题细节重点评价并作出及时反馈,方便了各领域的综合评价及年度考核评估。(4)采用衡水市压采方案实施过程中的数据测试了系统服务运行情况。基于过程化的压采效果评价案例表明了地下水压采“强监管”可以依赖过程化评价,过程化的跟踪评价是措施方案高效落实的保障;利用主成分分析法和单指标评价法就能够评价和识别判定影响因子,并根据评价结果引导、辅助支持压采方案改进;对比传统评价可以看出新模式的先进及高效。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the regional national economy,the groundwater over-exploitation phenomenon in Hebei Province has been extended for more than 40 years since the 1970s,and serious ecological and environmental problems have emerged.The state attaches great importance to this situation and has invested a large amount of Manpower and material resources to carry out over-extraction actions.After three years of pilot work to limit groundwater over-exploitation,Hebei Province has achieved initial results.This year,the"North China Regional Groundwater Over-integration Action Plan" was officially launched,which will undoubtedly become a Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei period in the future.A programme of action for comprehensively limiting the work of over-exploitation of groundwater.From the current implementation of measures to limit groundwater over-exploitation and the analysis of the effects of limiting over-exploitation,It can be seen that the "enhanced supervision" of the groundwater over-harvesting process must be implemented quickly.It should not be limited to the initial benefits,but also the actual efficiency of the investment,and the work should be carried out in an orderly and long-term manner.Based on the implementation of measures to limit groundwater over-exploitation in Hengshui City for three years,this paper collects relevant data,analyzes the effects of limiting over-exploitation,studies the schemes that limit groundwater over-exploitation,and regulates the various processes of limiting groundwater over-exploitation.And design a process-based and subject-based evaluation model,using modern information technology to develop a process evaluation system that limits the effects of groundwater over-exploitation.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Review literature,collect data,conduct on-the-spot investigation,analyze the over-exploitation situation of groundwater in the study area,and sort out the measures and schemes for groundwater to limit groundwater over-exploitation,from the dynamic changes of groundwater elements and the temporal and spatial distribution and variation of related characteristic elements.In this aspect,it summarizes the effects of restricting groundwater over-exploitation over the years.(2)The index set for evaluating the effect of limiting groundwater over-exploitation was constructed.The comprehensive index method and grey relational analysis method were selected as the comprehensive evaluation method.In this paper,the measures and schemes for restricting groundwater exploitation are explored,and the process and visual expression of the scheme are explored.The process evaluation model of the effect of groundwater over-extraction is proposed,and the evaluation theme is established based on the problem,and the indicators under different themes are screened.Process evaluation,service process,program method selection and other content.(3)Using the design idea of business componentization,effect process,and program visualization,the process evaluation system for limiting the groundwater over-exploitation in Hengshui,Hebei Province was developed.The development customization and evaluation service of the business components in the development process are described in detail.In the visual evaluation system,the real-time update of the database data ensures that the actual limit over-extraction work is synchronized with the evaluation service;The visual evaluation system can query the implementation of the measures in the process of groundwater over-exploitation and the effect of phased management in real time,and carry out phased evaluation and implementation of action orientation.The procedural evaluation focuses on the evaluation of the topic details and provides timely feedback,which facilitates comprehensive evaluation and annual assessment in various fields.(4)Test the operation of the system service by using the data in the implementation process of Hengshui City.The case evaluation based on the process of limiting the effect of groundwater over-exploitation shows that the“enhanced supervision”that limits groundwater over-exploitation can rely on process evaluation,and the process-based follow-up evaluation is the guarantee for the effective implementation of measures;using principal component analysis and single-index evaluation The method can evaluate and identify the impact factors,and guide and support the improvement of the plan to limit the over-exploitation of groundwater according to the evaluation results.Compared with the traditional evaluation,the new model can be seen to be advanced and efficient.更多还原