【作者】 蓝岚；

【导师】 高金岭；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 近代教育制度变革是每个国家教育制度走向近现代化所必然经历的历史阶段。近代教育制度的改革使得近代教育制度体系和国家人才培养的教育模式更加完善。正所谓“十年树木,百年树人”,培养现代化人才需要一套完善的教育体制,而近代教育制度变革让培养近现代化的人才成为了可能。近代教育制度变革,使教育制度发生深远变化。教育逐渐走向全民起于此,其进程取决于这个国家当时政治、经济、文化以及当时所面临的外部条件。中日近代教育制度变革,正是基于两国国情,在借鉴西方资本主义国家教育制度的基础上开始起步的。十九世纪六十年代,中日两国都处在社会变革的进程中,同时也在这一时期意识到教育的重要性。经过半个世纪的努力,日本不仅实现了“邑无不学之户,家无不学之人”的既定目标,而且形成了初等、中学、高等三级配套的庞大的实业教育网,实现了人才的自给和科学技术教育的自主,从而大大加速了日本学习西方的步伐,使日本用了不到半个世纪的时间,就走完了西方资本主义国家历时两百年才完成的教育近代化。而同一时期的中国,尽管一也开设了外语学校和新式学堂,派遣了留学生出国深造,甚至废除了科举制度,注立了全国统一的新学制和系统的学校制度,但却始终未能根本改变中国教一育落后、文盲充斥、人才遗乏的局面,从而影响了教育近代化目标的实现。“以史为鉴,可以知兴替”。笔者通过研究中日两国近代教育制度变革,学习、分析、比较中日两国近代教育制度变革之路,从而得到启示,例如:教育制度的变革应以服务全民为目的,教育制度变革应全面统筹考虑,教育制度变革应充分考虑本国国情等。为当代进行的现代教育发展吸取宝贵的历史经验及教训。本文分为五部分:第一部分阐述的是社会变革与中日两国近代教育制度的关系。中国近代社会变革的主要事件包括洋务运动、戊戌变法以及清末新政,而日本近代社会变革则主要体现在明治维新时期。在社会整体变革的大环境下,中日两国社会动荡不安,两国的教育也开始发生根本性的变化,走向近代化之路。第二部分阐述中日两个教育制度变革前期两国所面临的社会背景。通过文献法和历史研究法等,分别对中、日两国教育制度变革前的教育制度情况进行分析,从政治、经济、文化三个角度出发来进行对比,找出两国变革前夕的相同与不同之处。第三部分主要对中日两国教育制度变革的内容进行描述并进行分析,中国近代教育制度变革的内容包括创学堂、派遣留学生、废科举、改学制等,日本也派遣了留学生,但同时还发展了实业教育、初等及高等教育等。通过比较中日两国教育变革内容相同与不同之处,从中吸取在教育制度变革过程中的经验教训,对我国当代教育制度变革提供借鉴。第四部分总结中日两国近代教育制度变革的结果以及对中日两国近代的影响。教育乃国之根本,通过比较,可以发现中日两国近代教育制度变革对两国都产生了深远的影响。中国近代教育制度的变革为社会培养了新型人才,引进了西方文化,同时还开启了现代教育。日本通过近代教育制度变革,提高了师资水平,普及了初等教育,培养大批专业人才。第五部分结论与启示。教育改的的目的是促进学生的发展,是社会稳步前进的动力。我国教育改革已经成为社会关注的焦点,将中日两国近代教育制度变革进行对比,阐述对当代教育改革的启示。同时参考两国近代教育制度变革的内容,结合本国国情,给出几点建议,由此更好的推动我国教育健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reform of modern educational system is an inevitable stage that every country’s educational system moves towards modernization.The reform of modern education system makes the modern education system more perfect,and the reform of modern education system makes the system of training talents more perfect.Is the so-called "ten years of trees,a hundred years of people." It needs a perfect educational system to train a modern talents,and the reform of modern educational system makes it possible to train a modern talents.The reform of modern education system is a reform of profound changes in education system.The enlightenment of the university and the gradual movement of the education towards the whole people depended on the political,economic,cultural and external conditions of the country at that time.The educational system reform in China and Japan started on the basis of learning from the educational system of western capitalist countries.In the 1860 s,both China and Japan started the modern educational reform.After half a century of hard work,Japan not only realized the "every family in the city has studied,everyone in the family has studied" the goal,and formed the elementary,secondary,tertiary level three supporting large industrial infomation,self-sufficient in the talent and science and technology education independently,thus greatly accelerate the pace to Japan to study western,Japan took less than half a century,go out the western capitalist countries education modernization of over two hundred years to complete.Over the same period in China,sending the students to go abroad for further study,even the abolition of the imperial examination system,made a unified national new injection system and the system of school system,but it has not been fundamental changes in China to teach a backward education,illiteracy is,talent but lack of situation,thus to achieve the goals of education modernization.Take history as a guide to know.Reviewing the history,analysis and comparison between the two countries in the modern education path of institutional change,thus obtains enlightenment,for example: change the education system should be to serve all the people,for the purpose of education system reform should fully arouse the enthusiasm of the public participation,the education system reform should be comprehensive considered,education system reform should give full consideration to its national conditions,etc.Draw valuable historical experience and lesson for contemporary education reform.This paper is divided into five parts:The first part expounds the relationship between social reform and educational reform in modern China and Japan.The major events of China’s modern social reform include westernization movement,the reform movement of 1898 and the New Deal in the late qing dynasty,while Japan’s modern social reform was mainly reflected in the Meiji reform period.In the context of the overall social change,the education of China and Japan also began to undergo fundamental changes,began to move towards the road of modernization,began to serve for further social change.The second part expounds the social background and external situation of China and Japan in the early period of educational system reform.Through literature review and historical research,this paper analyzes the educational system of China and Japan before the reform。 From the perspective of politics,economy and culture,this paper makes a comparison to find out the similarities and differences between the two countries on the eve of reform.The third part mainly describes and analyzes the content of education system reform in China and Japan.The reform of China’s modern education system included the establishment of schools,sending overseas students,abolishing the imperial examination and reforming the school system.Japan also sent overseas students,but also developed industrial education,primary education and higher education.compares the similarities and differences between the two countries,and draws lessons from the experience in the process of education system reform,so as to provide reference for China’s contemporary education system reform.The fourth part summarizes the result of educational system reform in modern China and Japan and its influence on modern China and Japan.Education is the foundation of a country.Through comparison,we can find that the reform of modern education system in China and Japan has exerted profound influence on both countries politically,economically and culturally.The reform of China’s modern education system cultivated new talents,introduced western culture and initiated modern education.Japan has improved the level of teachers,popularized primary education and trained a large number of professional talents through the reform of modern education system.The fifth part is conclusion and enlightenment.The purpose of educational reform is to promote the development of students,and it is the motive force for the steady progress of society.China’s education reform has become the focus of social attention.This paper compares the changes of modern education system between China and Japan,and expounds the Enlightenment of contemporary education reform.At the same time,referring to the contents of the reform of the modern education system in the two countries,and combining with the national conditions,this paper gives some suggestions,so as to better promote the healthy development of education in our country.更多还原