【作者】 张阳；

【导师】 程智慧；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 泾阳县位于陕西中部,平均海拔为400 m左右,全年平均气温为13℃,年均降水量548.7 mm,年日照时数为2195.2 h,日照百分率为48%~54%,是日光温室发展的较适宜区。经过30多年的发展,形成了稳定的规模,取得了显著的成绩,也面临着一定的问题。本论文通过对泾阳县的云阳镇、安吴镇、中张镇、三渠镇、桥底镇等5镇日光温室蔬菜生产情况实地进行调研,查阅国内外日光温室蔬菜产业发展的先进技术和经验方面的文献,对并根据所发现的问题并提出对策,以促进泾阳县日光温室蔬菜产业有望高效、健康、可持续发展。主要结果如下:泾阳县蔬菜产业发展始于上世纪80年代末,2009年开始快速扩张。2017年,泾阳县全县蔬菜种植面积2.56万hm~2,年产量180万t,产值18亿元,其中设施蔬菜面积1.35万hm~2,日光温室蔬菜超过了6000 hm~2,设施蔬菜产业逐渐规模化,蔬菜销售在全县农民人均纯收入比重超过45%。技术方面限制泾阳县日光温室蔬菜产业发展的问题是:个别温室结构有问题影响到温室的保温性,菜农掌握的种植技术水平不高,小型作业机械利用率低,产品商品率低,土壤连作障碍严重,土壤盐碱度高,病虫害增多。产业化方面限制泾阳县日光温室蔬菜产业发展的问题有:配套的多元化产业还不完善,产品效益不高,专业合作社带动性不强,品牌优势不明显,启动资金融资难、土地流转导致规模化发展困难等。泾阳县日光温室蔬菜种植户和当地政府提出几点对策:优化温室结构;实行蔬菜标准化生产;推广小型机械开展田间作业;加大对蔬菜专业合作社和龙头企业的扶持力度,强化品牌建设;加强与高校之间的合作,加大对种植户的技术培训力度,大力推广日光温室蔬菜生产新技术;在农业保险和土地流转等方面进行政策扶持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jingyang County is located in the central part of Shaanxi province,with an average elevation of about 400 m.The annual average temperature is 13°C,the average annual precipitation is 548.7 mm,the annual sunshine hours are 2195.2 h,and the sunshine percentage is 48%~54%.It is a suitable area for the development of solar greenhouses.More than 30 years of development,it has formed a stable scale,achieved remarkable results,and faced certain problems.This paper investigates the production of greenhouse vegetables in Yunyang Town,Anwu Town,Zhongzhang Town,Sanqu Town and Qiaodi Town of Jingyang County,and reviews the advanced technologies of the development of greenhouse vegetables industry at home and abroad,and based on the problems found and propose countermeasures,promote the solar greenhouse vegetable industry in Jingyang County is expected to be efficient,healthy and sustainable.The main results are as follows:The development of vegetable industry in Jingyang County began in the late 1980 s and began to develop rapidly in 2009.In 2017,the county’s vegetable planting area was 25,600 hm2,with an annual output of 1.8 million tons and an output value of 1.8 billion yuan,of which the facility vegetable area was 13,500 hm2,the greenhouse vegetable was over 6,000 hm2,and the facility vegetable industry was gradually scaled up.The county’s per capita net income of farmers exceeds 45%.The technical limitation of the development of the solar greenhouse vegetable industry in Jingyang County: Individual greenhouse structure problems have affected insulation,the cultivation technology mastered by the vegetable growers is not high,low utilization rate of small work machines,low product rate,continuous cropping obstacle,high soil salinity and increased pests and diseases.Industrialization limitation of the development of the solar greenhouse vegetable industry in Jingyang County: diversified industries are still not perfect,product efficiency is not high,professional cooperatives are not strong,brand advantage is not obvious,hard to start financing,Land transfer.Several countermeasures for vegetable growers and local governments in solar Greenhouse in Jingyang County: optimize the greenhouse structure,implement standardized vegetable production,promote small machinery to carry operations,increase support for vegetable professional cooperatives and leading enterprises,strengthen brand building,strengthen cooperation with universities,increase technical training for growers,and vigorously promote new technologies for greenhouse vegetable production,policy support in areas such as agricultural insurance and land transfer.更多还原