【作者】 萨日娜；

【导师】 苏亚拉图；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 植物学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以特金罕山自然保护区为研究区域,采用植物资源学野外实地调查、文献研究以及民族植物学的访谈调查和编目等研究方法,调查研究了该保护区野生食用植物资源及其传统利用知识,力争为保护区野生食用植物资源的保护与开发利用提供科学依据。调查结果如下:(1)保护区内野生食用植物共有171种(含种下分类单位,下同),隶属46科119属,其中蕨类植物3科3属4种;裸子植物1科1属1种;被子植物42科115属166种。在野生食用植物科的等级上,含10种以上野生食用植物的大科有百合科、豆科、菊科、蓼科和蔷薇科5科,共有89种,占保护区野生食用植物总种数的52.04%;在野生食用植物属的等级上,保护区内含4种及以上野生食用植物的共有7属,其中葱属、蒿属、蓼属、酸模属、委陵菜属和野豌豆属6属属于野生食用植物5大科。(2)保护区野生食用植物草本植物共有145种,占野生食用植物总种数的84.8%;木本植物共有26种,占保护区野生食用植物总种数的15.2%。多年生草本植物共有97种,占总种数56.73%;水分生态类型分析得知,中生植物共有133种,占保护区野生食用植物总种数的77.77%;湿生植物共有7种,占野生食用植物总种数的4.1%;旱生植物共有31种,占野生食用植物总种数的18.13%。(3)保护区野生食用植物利用涉及到了代粮食用、蔬菜用、水果用、茶饮用、调味品用和食用油脂6个方面。经调查发现,野生代粮食用植物有15种、野生蔬菜用植物有138种、野生水果用植物有22种、野生茶饮用植物有25种、野生调味品用植物有7种、野生食用油脂植物有2种,其中野生蔬菜用植物种类最多,占保护区内野生食用植物总种数的80.7%;保护区内野生食用植物的利用部位也涉及到多方面,包括孢子囊茎、地上部位、果实、根状茎、根、花、花序、茎、鳞茎、树皮、嫩茎叶、球茎、全株、肉质苞片、芽、叶、幼苗和种子18种类型,其中嫩茎叶、幼苗、叶子是野生食用植物资源主要的利用部位,出现的次数都在50次以上。(4)通过关键信息报告人访谈、实地调查和鉴定证据标本,共记录了保护区蒙古族民间野生食用植物名86条,对应植物分类学上的52种,隶属于27科44属。并对这些野生食用植物民间名的组成、命名方法、民间名与学名对应关系进行了分析,保护区蒙古族原居民命名野生食用植物的特点与他们日常生活习俗紧密相联;记载当地蒙古族居民传统利用的野生植物52种,其中代粮的有5种、野菜有40种、野果有14种、茶饮用的有12种、调味品用的有4种和可榨油食用的有2种。当地蒙古族原居民对于野生食用植物的利用具有自己的特色,成为了他们日常饮食生活当中重要的一部分,现在该保护区长期居住的工作人员也还在利用野生食用植物。本文还对保护区野生食用植物资源及其传统利用知识的保护与开发利用方面提出了一些建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the research area of the Tejin Hanwula Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia,the field research of plant resource science,literature review,and Ethnobotanical interview investigation and cataloging methods were used in the paper to study the wild edible plant resources and the traditional utilization knowledge in the Reserve,striving to provide a scientific basis for the protection,development and utilization of wild edible plant resources in reserves.The investigation results are as follows.(1)There are 171 species(including infraspecific ranks,the same as follow)of wild edible plants in the Reserve,belonging to 46 families and119 genera and including 3 families,3 genera,4 species of ferns,1 family,1 genus and 1 species of gymnosperms,43 families,115 genera 166 species of angiosperms.At the level of wild edible plant family,there are89 wild edible plants from the 5 main families(Asteraceae,Fabaceae,Liliaceae,Polygonaceae and Rosaceae,every family contains at least 10 wild edible plants)in the Reserve,accounting for 52.04% of the total wild edible plants in the Reserve.At the level of wild edible plant genus,there are 7 main genera(every genus contains at least 4 wild edible plants)in the Reserve,among which the genera of Allium,Artemisia,Potentilla,Polygonum,Rumex and Vicia belong to the 5 major families of wild edible plants.(2)There are 145 species of wild edible herbaceous plants and 26 species of woody plants in the Reserve,respectively accounting for84.8% and 15.2% of the total wild edible plants in the Reserve.Herbaceous plants are the main life form of the wild edible plants in the Reserve,while 97 species are perennial herbaceous plants,accounting for56.73% of the total species and being the largest component of the life form of wild edible plants in Reserve.Regarding the water ecotype,there are 133 species of mesophytes and 7 species of hygrophytes,respectively accounting for 77.77% and 4.1% of the total wild edible plants in the Reserve.Besides,there are 31 species of xerophytes(18.13%).(3)The uses of the wild edible plants in the Reserve involve six aspects—food,vegetables,fruits,tea,condiments and oils.According to the investigation,there are 15 species that can be used as food,138 species as wild vegetables(accounting for 80.7% of the total species amount of the wild edible plants in the Reserve),22 species as wild fruits,25 species as wild tea plants,7 species as wild seasoning plants,and 2specie as wild edible oil plants.The edible parts of the wild edible plants also involve in many aspects(18 types),including flashy bracts,seeds,barks,fruits,rhizomes,tender stem leaves,roots,seedlings,bulbs,buds,sporangium stems,bulbs,flowers,stems,inflorescences,above-ground parts,whole plants and leaves,while the frequencies of tender stem leaves,seedlings and leaves are high-frequency edible parts(above 50 times for every case)in the Reserve,and these are the main utilization parts of the wild edible plant resources.(4)Based on the interviews with key information reporters,the field investigation and the identification of evidence specimens,a total of 86 Mongolian folk edible plant names in the Reserve are recorded,corresponding to botanical taxonomy-based 52 species(26 families and44 genera).The composition,naming method,and folk name-scientific name correspondence of these wild edible plants were analyzed.The characteristics of the Mongolian indigenous inhabitants named wild edible plants in the Reserve are closely related to their daily life customs.A total of 52 wild plant species traditionally used by local Mongolian residents are recorded,including 5 species of grain alternative plants,40 species of wild vegetables,14 species of wild fruit plants,12 species of tea plants,4 species of condiments plants,and 2 species of edible plantsthat can be used for oil manufacturing.Indigenous Mongolian residents utilize the wild plants in their own ways,and such characteristics have become an important part of their daily eating habits.Now,the long-term residents staff in the Reserve are also using the wild edible plants.In this paper,some recommendations are proposed on the protection,development and utilization of the wild edible plant resources and the traditional utilization knowledge in the Reserve.更多还原