【作者】 周健；

【导师】 管志川； 贾应林；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学(华东) ， 石油与天然气工程（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 塔里木库车山前KS区块是塔里木油田重要组成部分,由于其油气资源丰富而被规划为西气东输气源的关键接替区块,因此对其进行有效开发的战略意义极其重大;然而因该区块构造埋藏深,地层复杂多变,发育盐层及复合盐层所引起的一系列钻井问题却为油气开发带来了极大的施工风险,大幅度增加了开发成本,严重制约了油公司勘探开发的步伐。针对上述工况,找到各相关因素对钻井过程影响的规律,制定有效措施,采取合理方法解决上述工程难题成为塔里木油田开发者的亟需解决的难题。针对塔里木库车山前KS区块钻井过程的客观问题,开展了塔里木油田KS 9区块含盐地层钻井关键技术研究。首先,分析了KS区块盐层沉积学特征、岩层沉积序列特征、盐水层展布特征及盐水层盐性总体特征,找出了该区域面临的钻井难点问题;接着,通过盐膏层对钻井危害分析、盐膏层岩石理化性能分析、盐膏层力学特征研究及不同类型地层对井壁稳定影响研究,找出了防止井壁失稳的工程方法,并结合钻井液性能对井眼缩颈影响研究,得出了盐膏层漏封段钻井液密度的确定方法;之后,开展了盐顶及盐底地层识别方法研究,针对盐顶及盐底卡层工程难点,制定了卡层措施;再后,通过库车山前构造高压盐水层地质成因研究、高压盐水层分布规律研究、盐水层钻井溢流风险综合评价研究,得出了盐水层安全钻井液密度窗口确定方法;最后,开展了现场实钻测试,证明了所提出的技术方法及方案的可行性及合理性。研究结果表明:(1)KS区块盐膏层段长(KSA01,4200 m~6390m),盐间砂岩、白云岩、泥岩等呈不规律互层,承压能力低,在加上盐间裂缝发育,容易发生井漏,是导致钻井难题的根本原因;(2)KS区块盐层埋藏深,沉积环境为盐岩湖蒸发沉积环境,属于膏盐湖蒸发成盐模式;(3)盐间高压盐水为透镜体,其储集空间和容积有限,可实施放水泄压方式有效降压;(4)盐层卡层是影响KS区块勘探生产的关键因素;(5)降低并优选钻井液密度是盐间窄密度安全钻井的关键;(6)综合应用上述技术方法及措施可有效防止塔里木油田KS 9区块含盐地层钻井复杂事故的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Kuqa piedmont KS block is one of most important part of the tarim oil field,and it is he key west-east gas air block because of it rich oil and gas resources,so carries on the effective development of strategic significance is extremely important.But the tectonic burial depth,formation is complicated,the development of salt layer and composite salt,drilling problems are facing a series of problems.For the above conditions,finding out the effect of related factors on drilling process,formulate effective measures,take reasonable method to solve the engineering problem in tarim oilfield is the urgently problem needed to solve.Fource on the drilling problem on KS block of the tarim oil field,the key technology research was carried out of salt formation.Firstly,the sedimentary succession of the sedimentology characteristics,rock salt layer,layer distribution characteristics and brine salinity brine overall characteristics was analyzed,and find out the routing cause of the drilling problem.Then through salt-gypsum layer of drilling hazard analysis,salt paste layer physical and chemical performance analysis,rock salt paste mechanics characteristics and different types of strata on the borehole wall stability study,finding out the method to prevent the borehole wall instability.Then carry out the bottom to the top of the salt and salt formation identification method research,foucs on the engineering difficulties,the measure for sticking horizon was carried out.And finally,after the on-site drilling test,proved that the proposed technical methods is feasibility and right.In this paper,based on the research of the compound block huge thick salt layer,the silent mode,sedimentary sequence,high pressure brine layer development,wellbore stability,geological layer and narrow density window for safe drilling draws the following conclusions:(1)KS block buried deep salt layer,for gypsum lake evaporation sedimentary environment,sedimentary environment belongs to cream salt lake to evaporate into salt mode;(2)high pressure between salt brine as the lens,the reservoir space and the volume is limited,can implement water pressure relief way effective decompression;(3)salt layer CARDS are the key factors influencing the KS block exploration and production;(4)to reduce and drilling fluid density is the key to the safe drilling narrow between the salt density.更多还原