【作者】 李峰；

【导师】 严新平； 尹奇志；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 轮机工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,以清洁能源为燃料的绿色船舶技术成为船舶行业发展的主要方向之一。燃料电池船舶作为氢能源技术和绿色船舶技术发展的联合产物,具有排放低、效率高、能量密度高、稳定性好和噪声低等优点,在未来推动航运无污染化和能源可持续化方面具有很大的潜力。但是当前针对燃料电池船舶的研究,主要局限在船舶混合动力系统构建和能量管理控制策略等方面,而对燃料电池船特有的安全性问题研究不多。因氢燃料电池船舶的储氢量很大,氢气供给管路复杂,舱室封闭,一旦发生氢气泄漏极易引起火灾和爆炸,这对于人员密度高、水上救援困难的客船而言,其中的安全风险不容忽视。如何正确认识氢气的危险性,并研究和提高氢燃料电池在船舶应用的安全性,是当前亟须解决的问题之一。因此,开展燃料电池客船氢气系统设计与氢泄漏数值模拟研究具有十分重要的理论意义和实用价值。选取一艘典型的燃料电池客船为研究对象,从设计的角度开展燃料电池船舶的氢气系统研究,从事故后果的角度开展船舶舱内氢气泄漏扩散模拟和氢气爆炸模拟研究,以降低事故发生的概率,认识事故的危害,从而提出相应的设计方案、管理方法和逃生措施来降低船舶氢泄漏事故风险,提升燃料电池船舶的安全性。同时,依托现有的项目条件和研究基础,还完成了氢燃料电池试验艇的研制工作,为开展燃料电池船舶的试验研究奠定了基础。论文的主要研究工作和创新如下:(1)燃料电池客船氢气系统设计研究。针对目标船舶,基于氢能和船舶安全规范,分别从燃料电池系统、氢气供给系统,及氢气安全系统等三方面进行燃料电池客船的氢气系统方案设计。在氢气储存、气瓶安装布置、管阀设计,以及氢气流量计算等方面展开了研究。(2)舱内氢气泄漏扩散数值模拟研究。针对目标船舶的舱室布局特征,建立其舱室几何模型;基于氢气泄漏和扩散模型,采用Fluent软件对氢气在燃料电池船舶舱内的泄漏和扩散过程展开瞬态数值模拟研究;基于不同泄漏条件下氢气在船舱内的扩散规律和分布情况,提出了对船舱通风系统的设计建议以及氢气泄漏紧急应对措施。(3)舱内氢气爆炸数值模拟研究。针对氢气发生泄漏后在舱室的分布,基于氢气爆炸模型,采用Fluent软件分别对燃料电池舱、控制舱和乘客舱出现点火源后的爆炸过程进行数值模拟。对爆炸发生后产生的超压和高温后果进行分析,并基于危害评估标准,就爆炸事故对人员和船舶可能造成的直接后果进行评估。在此基础上,提出了针对燃料电池客船氢安全事故的应对措施。(4)氢燃料电池试验艇研制。针对一艘内河小型客船,提出燃料电池、锂电池和超级电容三种动力源混合推进的船舶动力系统构建方式。从动力系统设计、氢气系统设计、设备选型、安装与布置以及测试等方面开展并完成了氢燃料电池试验艇的研制工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the green ship using clean energy as fuel becomes one of the main directions for the development of the shipbuilding industry.The fuel cell ship combining hydrogen and green ship together has the advantages of low emission,high efficiency,high energy density,high reliability and low noise,which will contribute to the development of non-polluting shipping and energy sustainability in the future.But most studies about fuel cell ship have been limited in the hybrid power system and energy management strategies now.On the contrary,hydrogen safety which is special for fuel cell ship is rarely studied.There are so many risk factors in a fuel cell ship,including a large amount of hydrogen,complex hydrogen supply pipelines and some almost completely closed cabins.A horrible fire or explosion will take place when hydrogen leakage happens,that can cause very serious consequences for a passenger ship with much people and no rescue on the water.Therefore,how to recognize the danger in fuel cell ship and improve its hydrogen safety is one of the most urgent problems to be solved,also the goal of this study at the same time.In this thesis,a typical fuel cell passenger ship is selected as the research object.The studies on hydrogen system are carried out from a design perspective.Also,the studies on hydrogen leakage,dispersion and explosion in ship cabin are carried out by numerical simulation.So,the probability of fire or explosion accident can be reduced,and the consequences of the accident can be recognized.Some research findings can contribute the design,management and surviving to improve the safety in fuel cell ship.Furthermore,based on research project and conditions,a hydrogen fuel cell testing boat is developed,which is the foundation for the experimental research of fuel cell ship.The main research work and innovations are as follows:(1)Hydrogen system in fuel cell passenger ship is designed.For the target ship,the fuel cell system,hydrogen supply system and hydrogen safety system are designed respectively,based on the regulations and standards of hydrogen and ship.The storage of hydrogen,installation and arrangement of cylinders,design of pipes and valves,volume flow of hydrogen supplying and other key technologies have been studied in detail.(2)Hydrogen leakage and dispersion in cabin are simulated.Aiming at the layout features of the target ship cabin,the geometric model is established.Based on the gas leakage and diffusion equations,the transient leakage and diffusion processes of hydrogen in ship are simulated by commercial software Fluent.The distribution law of hydrogen concentration and dispersion trends are analyzed under different leakage conditions.The design suggestions for cabin ventilation system and the emergency measures are put forward.(3)Hydrogen explosions in cabin are simulated.Based on the gas explosion model,the explosion processes are simulated by Fluent when hydrogen gas is ignited in different cabins including the fuel cell room,control room and passenger cabin after the hydrogen leakage.The overpressure and temperature brought by explosion are analyzed.Based on the hazard assessment criteria,the direct consequences of the hydrogen explosion on personnel and vessels are assessed.On this basis,the countermeasures against the fire or explosion accidents in fuel cell passenger ship are put forward.(4)A hydrogen fuel cell testing boat is developed.Aiming at an inland small boat,a marine propulsion system with hybrid power sources of fuel cell,lithium battery and supercapacitor is put forward.The detailed work includes the design of power system and hydrogen system,selection of equipments,installation and arrangement,test and so on.更多还原