【作者】 林莉；

【导师】 过秀成；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 交通运输工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 为适应交通量的增加我国许多高速公路实施了改扩建工程,六车道及以上的高速公路里程逐年增加。车道数的增加使车辆行驶自由度增大,客货混行时的相互干扰造成多车道高速公路运行效率的损失与安全问题的产生,同时设施条件的变化也为多样化的管理措施提供可能。科学、合理地制定多车道高速公路的速度限制值对于提高其运行效率、改善交通安全具有重要的现实意义,对于高速公路管理者的决策具有参考价值。论文以采用整体式路基的多车道高速公路为研究对象,首先分析了多车道高速公路的交通特性。通过对运行速度的非参数检验,将高速公路运行车辆划分为四类车型;通过视频观测法采集数据,分析了多车道高速公路的交通量分布、速度特性、车头时距特性、事故特性等交通特性情况。分析了多车道高速公路的限速方式特点并构建了其速度限制值确定框架。剖析了设计速度、期望速度、运行速度及限制速度之间的相互关系,阐述了车速对于道路运行安全的影响情况,比较了多车道高速公路不同限速方式的特点;明确多车道高速公路速度限制值设置的目的与影响因素,提出了区分主线限速值与分车道限速值的两步骤多车道高速公路速度限制值确定框架;以85%位车速为主要依据提出了基于工程技术的主线最高速度限制值的确定思路。考虑不同车型行驶行为的差异,构建了分车型的多车道高速公路交通流的元胞自动机模型。分别选取速度标准差、前后车速度差、换道率与运行速度作为运行安全与效率的评价指标,确定模型的输出数据;采用实际观测数据对模型的相关参数进行标定,验证所构建模型的有效性。运用构建的仿真模型研究了多车道高速公路不同车道功能划分方案的适应性。分析了多车道高速公路车道划分的目的及原则,定性比较了不同车道功能划分策略的特点;考虑交通量与货车比例的影响,定量讨论了不同车道划分方案条件下的运行效率与安全水平,总结了各车道划分方案的适用条件。在车道划分方案分析的基础上,研究了安全与效率协同最优的分车道速度限制值的确定方法。选用通行效率、速度标准差与换道率为指标,采用基于熵权法的综合评价方法,结合仿真模型分别研究低交通量、中交通量和高交通量场景下六车道、八车道高速公路的分车道限速方案的实施效果,给出各场景下的分车道限速推荐方案,并提出相关的管理建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many freeways in China have been extended or reconstructed to satisfy the increasing traffic demand,as a result,the mileage of freeways which number of lanes is six or more than six increases year by year.Vehicles have greater degree of driving freedom in multilane freeways than in two-way four-lane freeways,and the mutual disturbances among mixed flow bring about the loss of operating efficiency and the occurrence of safety problems.Changes of the facilities also provide possibilities for diversified management measures.Determining speed limits scientifically and reasonably has practical significance to improve operating efficiency and safety of multilane freeways.The research can provide reference for decision makers.Multilane freeways with integral subgrade are taken as the research object.Firstly,traffic characteristics of multilane freeways are discussed.According to the non-parametric test of operating speed on freeway,vehicles are divided into four types.Data collected by video observation is used to analyze the traffic characteristics in multilane freeways,including features of traffic volume,velocity,headway and crashes.The characteristics of the speed limit methods of the multi-lane freeway are analyzed and a framework for determining the speed limit is constructed.Relationships among design speed,expected speed,operating speed and limit speed are discussed,and influences of speed on traffic safety are illustrated.The paper compares features of different speed limit methods of multilane freeways.Following clarifying the purposes and influential factors of speed limit,a two-step determination framework for speed limit value of multilane freeway is proposed,which distinguishes the mainline speed limit value from speed limit value of each lane.Take 85% operating speed as the main basis,the method of determining the maximum speed limit of the mainline based on engineering technology is put forward.Taking the differences of driving behavior of different vehicle type into account,a cellular automata model for multilane freeway traffic flow is constructed.The speed standard deviation,speed difference between the front and rear vehicles,the lane change rate are selected as measures of operating safety,while the operating speed for operating efficiency.Values of these indicators are output data of the model.The actual survey data is used to calibrate parameters in the model and also to verify the validity of the model.The adaptability of the different lanes function division schemes of multilane freeway is explored by using the constructed simulation model.The purposes and principles of multilane freeway lane partitioning are analyzed.The characteristics of different lane partitioning strategies are qualitatively compared.The operating efficiency and safety level in conditions of different lane division schemes are quantitatively discussed,where the influences of traffic volume and truck ratio are studied.The applicable conditions of each lane partition scheme are summarized.Based on the analysis of the lane partition scheme,the determination method of lanedivided speed limit value is put forward,which aims to optimize the operating safety and efficiency collaboratively.Traffic efficiency,speed standard deviation,and lane change rate are used as indicators,and the comprehensive evaluation method based entropy weight is employed.Combining with the simulation model,the implementation effects of the different lane-divided speed limit schemes for six-lane and eight-lane freeways under the scenarios of low traffic volume,moderate traffic volume and high traffic volume are respectively studied,and the recommended solutions of speed limits of each lane under various scenarios are given.Some relevant management suggestions are also proposed.更多还原