【作者】 张涛；

【导师】 范世东；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 轮机工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 航运业是一个高投入、高风险的行业。目前随着国际经济形势持续不振,整个航运业进入低迷的新常态,如何控制船舶运营成本成为航运企业在市场竞争中获得优势的关键。因此,对船舶运营成本进行研究意义重大。本文以长航集团某干散货船做为研究对象,对船舶运营成本进行分析与控制,具体研究内容如下:(1)通过对船舶运营成本概念和组成进行分析,明确了影响船舶运营成本的主要因素,其中,内部因素包括燃油成本、维修保养成本和管理水平,外部影响因素包括全球经济形势和新公约的出台以及港口国监督检查。首先对目标船舶的基本参数进行介绍,然后对目标船舶的运营成本各组成部分开展比重分析,得出燃油成本和维修保养成本在船舶运营成本中分别为28%和23%。(2)燃油成本控制。通过优化航速和燃油补给方案,达到控制燃油成本的目的。航速优化方面,首先分析影响船舶经济航速的因素,然后设计船舶数据采集方案,并进行随船试验,得到主机油耗-转速-通航环境等相关数据。其次,对采集到的数据进行处理,以Matlab为计算工具,拟合主机转速与油耗的对应关系曲线,计算目标船舶的经济航速,得到目标船舶在不同通航环境下单位距离油耗最小。燃油补给方案决策方面,基于建立的燃油补给方案模型计算得到燃油最少储备量,以充分发挥目标船舶载货能力,实现船舶单航次效益最大化。(3)维修保养成本控制。首先,根据对目标船舶近三年的维修保养费用进行统计分析,结果表明:船舶进厂维修费用占总维修保养成本比重最大,因此做好修船厂的选择至关重要。根据维修保养成本控制方法,建立船舶进厂维修选址模型。其次,通过对船舶状态进行监测,建立基于状态的维修方式选择模型,以实现对维修方式的甄选,并对实船进行了验证,结果表明:选择“两种状态”进行维修比“单一状态”进行维修节省维修费用。最后,根据船舶备件管理方法和要求,针对船舶备件的存量控制建立优化模型,并以实船O型密封圈为例进行计算验证,结果表明:O型密封圈储存量可从20个减少到17个,为实船节省了备件储存费用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shipping industry is high-risk industry needs huge investment.International economy continues to weaken,leading to a slow development of shipping industry.In order to improve the shipping enterprise’s competitive power,it is necessary controlling operating costs of the ship.In this paper.Study the operating costs of the cargo ship which belongs to long-endurance group.The research content is as follows:(1)By analyzing the concept of operation cost of the ship,determine the main influencing factors of operation cost of the ship.Among them,the internal factors include fuel costs,maintenance costs and management cost.The external factors include global economic situation and the PSC inspection.First of all,the basic parameters of the target ship are introduced,and then the proportion of the operating costs of the target ship to carry out the proportion of fuel costs and maintenance costs in the ship operating costs were 28% and 23%.(2)In order to control fuel costs,propose two methods which are speed optimization and fuel supply method.Design an economic speed data acquisition system,collect the relevant data such as fuel consumption,rotational speed and navigation environments.Based on economic speed calculation theory,set up a mathematical model.Then use MATLAB to calculate the minimum fuel consumption in unit distance when the different navigation environments,provide powerful proof for control of fuel costs.Establish a fuel supply model,then calculate the smallest fuel demand,improve the freight volume of the ship,maximize the shipping efficiency.By using economic speed model and the fuel supplies model reduce the fuel cost.(3)By analyzing three years of maintenance records of the ship,introduce the maintenance expenses in detail.Results show that the ship is maintained in repair factory has the highest maintenance cost.Therefore,it is very important to select reasonable repair factory.Based on the target ship maintenance cost control method,establish repair factory location selection model.Based on ship diagnosis data,establish the maintenance scheme decision-making model which can automatically choose the optimal maintenance scheme.In the actual validation,under mode A can save maintenance costs.Based on the regulation of the ship’s spare parts management,establish a ship’s spare parts management optimization model.Optimize the O type sealing ring’s inventory by using ship’s spare parts management optimization model.The results show that the model effectively in reducing the sealing ring of the inventory,reduce the spare parts cost.更多还原