【作者】 胡晨；

【导师】 王海燕；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 外国语言文学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 莎士比亚是世界上最著名的剧作家和诗人之一。38部戏剧、154首十四行诗和2篇长诗,奠定了他在世界文坛的举足轻重地位。无数学者对他给予了充分的赞赏和肯定。《威尼斯的商人》更是在学术圈被当作莎士比亚喜剧中最具有深远社会意义的作品之一。夏洛克和波西娅是剧中最令人印象深刻且最具有争议性的人物。古往今来,学者们从不同的角度研究了这部喜剧,如女权主义理论,后殖民主义理论,以及文化研究等。本文旨在通过图式理论来分析剧中两个主要人物的性格。图式理论是指围绕某一个主题组织起来的知识的表征和储存方式为基础的理论。本文将涉及两组图式,即犹太人图式和夏洛克图式,伊丽莎白时期女性图式和波西娅图式。通过分析这两种图示之间的关系,其对立或相互加深,可以帮助读者更好的理解人物和本剧的主题。犹太人图式和夏洛克图式有很多的相似之处,而伊丽莎白时代女性的图式却跟波西娅图式有着强烈的冲突。犹太人图式是在一定的历史,文化和宗教背景下产生的,当时的历史宗教和文化的冲突造成了人们对犹太人的妖魔化,从而形成了吸血鬼和异教徒为主要特征的犹太人图式。夏洛克图式与其有着很多相似之处。但莎士比亚内在的世界观和人文主义思想体现在夏洛克图式中的矛盾与冲突。同样,也促使莎士比亚笔下的波西娅成为了一个全新的女性:智慧、独立和勇敢。波西娅图式与伊丽莎白时代的女性图式形成了强烈的冲突,可以让读者更新他们的图式,形成新的认知。图式理论通过图式的形成和更新,能帮助读者更好地理解人物形象和作者的创作意图,为解读文学作品提供了一个新的视角。更多还原

【Abstract】 William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets the world has ever known.With his 38 plays,154 sonnets and 2 long poems,he has established his giant position in world literature.He has also been given the highest praise by so many scholars.The Merchant of Venice is generally regarded as one with the most profound social meanings in Shakespeare’s comedies in the academic circle.Shylock and Portia are the most vivid and controversial characters in the play.The play has been researched from so many perspectives,such as feminism,post-colonialism,cultural studies and so on.Some interdisciplinary researchers also show their interest in the splendid work.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze two main characters in the play by schema theory.Schema theory refers to the theory of characterization and storage based on the knowledge of a particular subject.This paper will cover two sets of schemata,namely the Jewish schema and the Shylock schema,the female schema in Elizabethan time and the Portia schema.Whether they oppose or deepen each other,it will help the reader to better understand the characters and the theme of the play by analyzing the relationship between the two sets of schema.There are many similarities between the Jewish schema and the Shylock schema,while the female schema in Elizabethan time has a strong conflict with the Portia schema.The Jewish schema was created in a certain historical,cultural and religious context.The historical,religious and cultural conflicts at that time created the demonization of the Jews,thus forming a Jewish schema of vampires and pagans as the main features.The Shylock schema has many similarities to it.While,the humanism has come out from the conflict and contradition in the Shylock Schema.Equally,Shakespeare’s inner world view and humanistic thought also led Shakespeare make Portia become a brand new woman: a woman of wisdom,independence and courage.The Portia schema has a strong conflict with the female schema in Elizabethan time which allows readers to refresh their schema and form their new perceptions.Through the formation and updating of schema,the schema theory is able to help readers to better understand the images of the characters and the author’s creating intentions and provide a new perspective for the interpretation of literary works.更多还原