【作者】 刘向阳；

【导师】 王恩志； 赵生成；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 水利工程（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 永定河是北京市西南部重要的防洪屏障和生态廊道,为北京城的建设发展做出了巨大的贡献。由于水源紧张,自2000年三家店水库就不在往下游河道供水,造成河道干涸,又由于河道盗采沙石严重,沙石裸露,一到春秋季,沙土飞扬,河道生态系统被严重破坏,并对周边居民居住环境造成了较大影响。为提升永定河生态廊道功能,改善沿线环境,2010年,北京市进行了“四湖一线”工程的建设,总治理长度18km,以“量水治河、有水则清、无水则绿”为指导思想,较好的解决了河道防洪与生态、景观的关系。永定河门城湖位于门头沟区与石景山区交界处,三家店水库下游出山口处,河道长度5.24km。在门城湖的生态景观治理中,提出了在满足河道防洪功能的前提下,以“水、绿、路、设施”为河道治理主要元素的河道生态景观治理模式。河道生态景观修复水元素包含了水的多方面,如水源、水量、水质、水安全、水的平面形态、水的纵向连通、水的横向连通、水的竖向连通等。绿元素主要包含了绿化种植指导思想、设计原则、范围、标准、空间分析及植物选择等。路元素包含了道路的分级、布局、材质和道路的连通等。设施元素主要包含为游人提供休闲娱乐、文化展示、服务便利的场地及设施等。通过“水、绿、路、设施”的修建,营造防洪安全、水质良好、生物多样、植被丰富、交通便利、风景怡人、文化展现的滨水空间。根据《河流健康评估指标、方法与标准》,提出了河流形态自然化结构体系、河流生态环境功能体系、资源再生、循环利用体系、人本体系、智能监测体系,河道生态景观治理效果5大评价指标,为项目的规划及后期评价提供技术支持。门城湖于2012年初建设完工,同年便经历了“7.21”特大暴雨的考验,河道生态景观设施安然无恙。治理后的门城湖已成为市民休闲、游览、娱乐、健身、水边课堂等活动的好去处。门城湖良好的生态环境和景观效果验证了以“水、绿、路、设施”为河道治理主要元素的河道生态景观治理模式是可行的。以“水、绿、路、设施”为主的河道生态景观治理模式和5大评价指标,能够为即将建设的永定河平原南段提供指导作用,同时也为相类似的项目提供借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Yongding river is an important flood control barrier and ecological corridor in the southwest of Beijing.It has made great contributions to the construction and development of Beijing city.Due to water resource shortage,Sanjiadian reservoir has been no longer supplying the downstream river water since 2000.As a result,the river stream was dried up.Also,because of illegal mining of river sand,during spring and autumn season,sand was blowing everywhere,river ecological system was severely damaged,and caused great influence to the surrounding residents living environment.In order to improve the Yongding river ecological corridor and improve the surrounding environment,started from 2010,the construction of "four lake one line" project had been launched.With "governance the river with the amount of water,water is clean when there’s water,river is green when there’s no water" as the guiding ideology,the total length of 18 km of the river was reconstructed to solve the relationship between flood control and ecological landscape.Mencheng lake of Yongding River is located in the junction of Mentougou district and Shijingshan District,the downstream area of Sanjiadian reservoir,the total length of river channel is 5.24 km.In the ecological landscape reconstruction of Mencheng Lake,the demand of flood control function needs to be fulfilled first.Then the the river ecological landscape governance model would be meet,with “water,green,road,and facilities" as the main reconstruction element.River ecological landscape design include many aspects of water elements,such as water source,water quantity,water quality,water safety,plan form,vertical and horizontal connection of water,etc.Green elements mainly include the guiding ideology of planting,design principles,scope,standards,spatial analysis and plant selection,etc.Road elements include the classification,layout,material and connectivity of roads.Facilities elements mainly provide leisure entertainment,cultural display,convenient service venues and facilities to visitors.Through the reconstruction of "water,green,road,and facilities”,the presence of a waterfront space that meets the standard of flood control safety,good water quality,biodiversity,rich vegetation,convenient transportation,beautiful scenery and culture show was been finished.According to the " standard of the indexes and methods of river health assessment”,we also put forward the 5 evaluation indexes of river ecological landscape governance effect,which are: natural river formation system,ecological environment function system,renewable resources,recycling system,the humanism system,the intelligent monitoring system,and river ecological landscape treatment effect.These provide technical support for the planning and post evaluation of the project.Mencheng Lake was completed in early 2012.In the same year,it experienced and passed the "7.21" heavy rainfall test,the ecological landscape facilities of the river were safe and sound.After the reconstruction,the Mencheng Lake has become a good place for leisure,sightseeing,entertainment,fitness,waterside classroom activities.Good ecological environment and landscape effect of Mencheng Lake verified the feasibility of river ecological landscape governance model using "water,green,road and facilities" as the main construction element.The ecological landscape management model of the construction of "water,green,road and facilities" and 5 evaluation indexes of rivers,can provide guidance for the construction of the southern part of the Yongding River Plain,and provide reference for similar projects.更多还原