【作者】 刘鹏；

【导师】 刘宪华；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 环境科学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 在经济、能源与环境之间的矛盾日趋严重的今天,人类亟需开发一种清洁的可再生能源。有机废弃物中蕴含着丰富的生物质,其传统的处置技术易产生环境污染,还造成了资源的浪费。燃料电池是一种性能稳定、绿色环保的能量转换装置,将有机废弃物作为燃料电池的燃料进行氧化产电将对于解决能源危机具有重要的意义。本论文首先利用激光还原法制备Cu₂O-Cu复合物,将其掺杂入阴极催化层中得到一种具有高催化活性的空气阴极。通过电化学测试确定出了阴极Cu₂O-Cu复合物的最优掺杂质量比为1%,LSV测试结果显示空气阴极的最大电流密度达到了42.5 mA/cm²,是空白对照组阴极的5.6倍。另外,EIS和Tafel曲线测试都表明Cu₂O-Cu的加入提高了阴极反应动力学参数。然后选用甲基紫精修饰的泡沫镍阳极,Cu₂O-Cu修饰的空气阴极,构建一种性能高效的碱性燃料电池,进行香蕉皮和水果废渣这两类典型食品加工有机废弃物的资源化处理。首先将1 g香蕉皮加入12.5 mL 1%的稀硫酸中,在110℃条件下水解2小时,得到香蕉皮水解液的还原糖浓度为22.04 g/L,将其加入电池中,电池的最大功率密度达到了16.12 W/m²,能够持续放电96.8小时,总共放出电量884 C。另外,选取桔子、梨以及苹果废渣进行榨汁处理,水果汁作为燃料电池底物加入到电池内进行电化学分析。结果显示,苹果汁燃料电池性能最佳,最大功率密度为20.63 W/m²。总之,将香蕉皮和水果废渣预处理后在碱性燃料电池中进行氧化放电,这不仅为有机废弃物的安全环保处置提供了新途径,而且对于废物资源化利用具有重大意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The contradiction between economy,energy and environment is becoming more and more serious today.Therefore,human beings need to develop a clean renewable energy source.Organic waste contains abundant biomass and traditional waste disposal technologies are not only easy to produce environmental pollution,but also cause waste of resources.Fuel cell is a stable,green and clean energy conversion device and the use of organic waste as fuel for fuel cell electricity production will be of great significance to solve the energy crisis.In this paper,the Cu₂O-Cu composite catalyst is fabricated by a laser-irradiation method and the addition of Cu₂O-Cu composite in activated carbon air-cathode greatly improve the performance of the cathode.The electrochemical curves test determines that the optimal doping mass ratio of cathode Cu₂O-Cu composite is 1%and the LSV test shows that the highest current density of air-cathode reaches 42.5mA/cm²,which is 5.6 times higher than of bare air-cathode（7.5 mA/cm²）.In addition,the EIS and Tafel curve demonstrates that the incorporation of Cu₂O-Cu composite could improve the kinetics of air-cathode reaction.Then,the paper chooses a methyl viologen modified nickel foam electrode as anode and Cu₂O-Cu composite air-cathode as cathode,developed a high-performance alkaline fuel cell for the treatment of banana peels and fruit residues that are two kinds of typical food processing organic waste.Firstly,the banana peels are hydrolyzed by diluted sulfuric acid.The concentration of reducing sugar in hydrolysate is 22.04 g/L under the condition of 1 g banana peel,12.5 mL 1%diluted sulfuric acid,at 110℃for 2 h.Then,banana peels hydrolysate is added to fuel cell to produce electricity.The results show that the maximum power density of fuel cell is 16.12 W/m².It could discharge continuously for 96.8 h and the total discharge capacity is 884 C.Meanwhile,orange,pear and apple residues are selected for juice treatment,and the fruit juices are added as substrates into the fuel cell for electrochemical analysis.The results show apple fuel cell performance is best.Its maximum power density is 20.63 W/m².In a word,the oxidation discharge of banana peels and fruit residues after pretreatment in the alkaline fuel cell is not only a new way for the disposal of organic waste,but also has great significance for the utilization of waste resources.更多还原