【作者】 李欣；

【导师】 安宁；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 法学（经济法学）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 为了缓解资本项目管制与大额人民币资金跨境有序流动的矛盾,我国以自贸试验区为载体,从2013年底试点跨境双向人民币资金池业务。根据金融行动特别工作组(FATF)的研究,自贸区相对宽松的监管环境与创新激励措施,在吸引合法业务的同时也容易滋生洗钱风险。跨境双向人民币资金池业务存在业务模式、主办机构、代理金融、资金来源、技术手段、创新风险等六大洗钱风险点,而在监管层面,却面临配套法规缺位、执法效率低、金融机构内控不力以及国际合作不充分等四个方面的问题。跨境双向人民币资金池业务从主要特征上分析,类似于欧美实体现金池业务。以美国和英国为代表的国家,将现金池反洗钱统筹纳入金融反洗钱监管之下,以金融反洗钱法律法规为后盾实行金融机构监管,要求资金池业务主体充分履行反洗钱义务,同时通过国际间金融反洗钱合作,有效扼制现金池洗钱行为的发生。控制我国跨境双向人民币资金池业务洗钱风险,突破反洗钱困境的有效方案,是抓紧完善反洗钱法律监管体系。首先,参照国际经验将资金池反洗钱监管放在金融反洗钱监管范畴内,提升《反洗钱法》中涉及资金池反洗钱监管条款的可操作性,同时抓紧制定专门的跨境双向人民币资金池监管行政法规及其他效力层级的规范性文件。其次,以立法为基础,设立自贸区金融反洗钱联席会议机制和监督执法部门,充分发挥央行职能,长期监督和监测资金池业务本身风险环节。再次,要确定银行业金融机构在资金池反洗钱过程中的特殊权利和义务,一方面以健全反洗钱奖励机制为契机,激发银行作为反洗钱义务主体的积极性;另一方面督促其进一步强化洗钱风险内控,持续不断的严格资金池业务程序,关注企业账户洗钱风险,提高工作人员和业务系统专业水平。最后,要主动参与多层级的国际金融反洗钱合作,探索试行国家间非法资金分成制度,促进非法资金所在国提供缉捕洗钱者的协助,追回流失境外的人民币资金。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to alleviate the contradiction between capital project control and the cross-border orderly flow of large RMB funds,China has conducted a free trade pilot zone as the carrier,and the pilot cross-border two-way RMB cash pool business from the end of 2013.According to the research of the financial action task force(FATF),the relatively relaxed regulatory environment and innovative incentive measures of the free trade zone are also vulnerable to the risk of money laundering while attracting legitimate businesses.Cross-border two-way cash pool business existing business model,the organizer,the financial agent,source of funds,technology,innovation,risk and so on six money laundering risk points,and at the regulatory level,faces low efficiency of the absence of self-contained complete laws and regulations,law enforcement,financial institutions lack of internal control and insufficient international cooperation four aspects.The cross-border two-way RMB cash pool business is analyzed from the main characteristics,similar to the European and American physical cash pool business.Countries represented by America and Britain,put the cash pool money laundering as a whole under financial anti-money laundering regulations,using the financial anti-money laundering laws and regulations as the backing for financial institutions supervision,and require the pool business entity anti-money laundering obligations in full.At the same time,through the international cooperation between financial anti-money laundering,effectively curb the cash pool of money laundering.To control the risk of money-laundering in the cross-border two-way RMB cash pool business in China and to break through the effective plan of anti-money laundering dilemma is to improve the anti-money laundering legal supervision system.First of all,with reference to the international experience will pool anti-money laundering supervision on financial anti-money laundering regulatory category,promote the anti-money laundering law involved in the pool of the operability of anti-money laundering supervision provisions,and formulate special cross-border two-way cash pool regulatory administrative regulations and other normative documents effectiveness hierarchy.Secondly,on the basis of legislation,set up a free trade pilot zone financial anti-money laundering joint meeting mechanism and supervision and law enforcement,give full play to the functions of the central bank,long-term supervision and monitoring risk link pool business itself.Thirdly,to make sure the banking financial institutions in anti-money laundering money of cash poolin the process of the special rights and obligations,on the one hand,as an opportunity to improve the anti-money laundering incentive mechanism,stimulate Banks as the main body of the anti-money laundering obligations;Urged further strengthening money laundering risk internal control on the other hand,constant pool business procedure strictly,focus on corporate account money laundering risk,improve the level of professional staff and business systems.Finally,to actively participate in multiple levels of the international financial anti-money laundering cooperation,explore for illegal money into system between countries,promote the illegal money to provide the assistance of busting money launderers,host countries to recover lost overseas.更多还原