【作者】 张艳君；

【导师】 蒋新苗；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 法学·民商法学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 隐名出资现象历史悠久且生机勃勃,尽管对此或存或废的讨论从未停止,但隐名出资确未因其弊端的存在而日趋消亡,反而一路发展变化至今,存在于各类公司之中。我国法律对隐名出资行为的规范远远不够,导致隐名出资不仅可能给公司发展和市场交易秩序带来风险,还有可能损害隐名出资当事人的合法权益,破坏公众对法律的信仰。对隐名出资相关纠纷进行分析之后,发现其根本问题在于未对隐名股东法律资格进行认定,主体资格的模糊性导致解决此类纠纷时适用依据的不同,最终会出现处理结果不统一的现象。对于隐名股东法律资格认定问题,不论是其显名成为股东之前的法律资格认定标准还是显名成功之后的股东资格认定标准,学界与实务界均未形成统一意见。而对隐名股东法律资格进行认定已具备充分的社会基础和法律基础,解决这一问题对减少隐名出资纠纷等具有重要意义。《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国公司法>若干问题的规定(三)》提供了隐名股东成为公司股东的途径来对隐名股东进行保护。除此之外,还可以通过认定隐名股东具有委托代理人或者信托设立人资格来进行保护。对于每一种法律资格,均有不同学者的观点和法律制度予以支撑,也均有弊端存在使得不能平衡隐名出资各方主体的利益。在对可适用的各类法律制度的利弊进行分析之后,结合司法实践中的案例,认为隐名出资关系以我国的委托代理制度为基础,根据公司法领域的特点对一些具体规定进行调整之后,可以最大化地保障各方主体利益。如果隐名股东仍有意愿变更为公司股东,以“折中说”作为股东资格的认定标准可以兼顾私法自治原则和商法外观主义。对隐名股东法律资格认定标准的明确,即是对隐名出资当事人权利义务和法律责任的明确,有助于减少此类纠纷,发挥隐名出资的优势,树立司法公正形象,维护正常的市场交易秩序。更多还原

【Abstract】 The phenomenon of hidden capital investment has a long history and is full of vitality.Although the discussion on hidden capital investment has never stopped,it has not died out because of its disadvantages,but has been developing and changing all the way to the present,and exists in all kinds of companies.The law of our country is not enough to regulate the behavior of hidden capital investment,which leads to the risk not only to the development of the company and the order of market transaction,but also to damage the legitimate rights of the parties involved in hidden contribution,and destroy the public belief in the law.After analyzing the disputes related to hidden capital investment,it is found that the fundamental problem lies in the failure to identify the legal qualifications of dormant shareholders,and the fuzziness of subject qualifications leads to the failure to identify the legal qualifications of hidden shareholders.The different applicable basis for resolving such disputes will eventually result in the inconsistency of the results.The academic and practical circles have not formed a unified opinion on the identification of the legal qualification of the invisible shareholders,whether it is the legal qualification standard before it became a shareholder or the shareholder qualification standard after the success of the significant shareholders.The determination of the legal qualifications of dormant shareholders already has a sufficient social foundation,and it is of great significance to solve this problem to reduce the disputes of hidden capital contribution.The provisions of the Supreme people’s Court on the Application of certain issues in the Company Law of the people’s Republic ofChina(III)has the stipulation of some conditions to turn dormant shareholders of a limited liability company into shareholders,they can also be protected by granting dormant shareholders the qualification to entrust agents or equity trusts.For each kind of legal qualification,it is supported by different scholars’ viewpoints and legal system,and there are also drawbacks which make it impossible to balance the interests of the parties involved in unnamed investment.After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of applicable legal systems and combining with the cases in judicial practice,it is found that the relationship of unnamed investment can based on the principal-agent system of our country.After adjusting principal-agent system specific provisions according to the characteristics of company law,the main interests of all parties can be maximized.If the dormant shareholder still has the intention to change to the shareholder of the company,take "eclecticism" as the criterion of shareholder qualification can take into account the principle of autonomy of private law and the appearance of commercial law.To identify the legal qualification standard of dormant shareholders is to clarify the rights,obligations and legal responsibilities of the parties involved in anonymous capital contributions,which will help to reduce such disputes,give play to the advantages of anonymous capital contributions,establish the image of judicial justice and maintain normal market order.更多还原