【作者】 周柳；

【导师】 刘克明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 植物学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 生物多样性锐减已成为当今全球性环境问题之一。随着气候变化和大地生态系统不稳定性的出现,特别是由于生境破坏及资源过度利用等导致生物多样性丧失,人们深感忧虑。在此背景下,作为植物多样性重要组成部分的农业野生植物,已成为国家发展战略和确保新千年粮食安全的关键资源,因而备受关注。湖南省优越的地理位置和气候条件为境内各种生物生存和繁衍提供了良好的自然环境,境内植物区系复杂多样,蕴藏着丰富的农业野生植物资源,是我国农业野生植物资源较丰富的省份之一。然而由于各种原因,我省农业野生植物资源的调查研究严重滞后,缺乏整体性、系统性的调查研究成果,农业野生植物资源数据库构建亦属空白。因此,开展湖南省农业野生植物资源调查及构建湖南省农业野生植物数据库,无论对摸清我省农业野生植物资源家底,特别是查清其种类、分布及生存状况,为我省农业野生植物资源保护、利用和科学管理提供依据,还是对深化我省农业野生植物多样性及价值的认识,促进我省经济、社会可持续发展等都具有十分重要的意义。本研究获得了以下结果:1.种类组成研究表明,湖南省有重要农业野生植物819种(含种下单位,下同),隶属127科,392属。其中,属于国家重点保护的14种,湖南省地方重点保护的44种,湖南特有、特色农业野生植物37种。含种类数目较多位列前五位的科分别是:兰科Orchidaceae、蔷薇科Rosaceae、杜鹃花科Ericaceae、禾本科Gramineae和猕猴桃科Actinidiaceae。2.生长型、生活型、分布格局及保护价值湖南重要农业野生植物的生长型以草本植物居多,有433种,占总数的52.87%。生活型以隐芽植物居多,有204种,占总数的24.91%。分布格局中以湘南、湘西及湘东山地所含种类较多,相对而言,以湘北洞庭湖区及湘中、湘东丘陵区种类较少。保护价值及用途中,以绿化、观赏植物种类最多,共有326种,占总数的39.80%,其次是食用植物种类较多,共有298种,占总数的36.38%。3.濒危性特征对湖南重要农业野生植物的受威胁状况(濒危性)进行了评估。结果表明,819种湖南重要农业野生植物中受威胁的种类有314种(极危57种,濒危103种,易危154种),占总数的38.34%。接近受威胁的种类(近危)有141种,占总数的17.22%;无危的种类有351种,占总数的42.86%。4.湖南省农业野生植物资源数据库构建构建了湖南省农业野生植物资源数据库。该库包括物种数据库、词条检索、分布点检索、系统数据管理、系统管理5大功能模块及各模块的子库,包含约26万字字符信息、数据信息、地理信息和图片信息等,具有操作方便、快捷、储量大等特点。通过该数据库可以不断上传或更新本省农业野生植物调查研究的相关数据、信息和成果,为湖南省有关主管部门实现对全省农业野生植物信息在线查询与监管,最终实现信息开放与共享。5.湖南省农业野生植物区系新发现本研究发现湖南省农业野生植物新种1个,即:长萼报春苣苔Primulina longiloba L.Zhou&J.Tian。新纪录种6个,即:金柑Fortunella japonica、封怀凤仙花Impatiens fenghwaiana、平坝凤仙花Impatiens ganpiuana、弯管马铃苣香 Oreocharis curvituba、莲花卷瓣兰Bulbophyllum hirundinis、中华叉柱兰Cheirostylis chinensis。珍稀濒危农业野生植物新居群2个,即:粗梗水蕨Ceratopterispteridoides和莼菜Brasenia schreberi居群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biodiversity decline has become one of the global environmental problems.With the advent of climate change and the instability of terrestrial ecosystems,especially the loss of biodiversity due to habitat destruction and over-utilization of resources,people are deeply concerned about these issues.In these contexts,agricultural wild plants,as an important part of plant diversity,have become a key resource for national development strategies and ensure food security in the new millenniumHunan Province’s superior natural geographical position and climatic conditions provide a great natural environment for the survival and propagation of various organisms in the territory.The wildlife flora in the territory is complex and diverse,which contains abundant agricultural wild plants resources.It is one of the provinces with rich agricultural wild plants resources in China.Due to various reasons,the investigation and research of agricultural wild plant resources in our province is seriously lagging behind,lacking of integrated investigation and research results,the construction of agricultural wild plant resource information database is belongs to the empty packet region.As a result,to carry out the investigation of agricultural wild plants resources in Hunan Province and construct the database of agricultural wild plants,it is of great significance not only to find out the family background of agricultural wildlife resources in Hunan province,especially to find out their species,distribution and living conditions,to provide basis for the protection,utilization and scientific management of agricultural wild plants resources,but also to deepen the understanding of the diversity and value of agricultural wild plants in Hunan province,it can promote the sustainable development of economy and society.The results of this study are as follows:1.Composition of speciesStudies have shown that 819 species(including subspecific units,the same below)of important agricultural wild plants in Hunan Province belong to 127 families and 392 genera.There are 14 species under state’s key protection,44 species under local key protection in Hunan Province and 37 species of endemic plants in Hunan Province.The top five families with the largest number of species are Orchidaceae,Rosaceae,Rhododendron,Gramineae and Actinidiaceae.2.Growth type,Life form,distribution pattern and protection valuesMost of the important agricultural wild plants in Hunan Province are herbaceous plants,with a total of 433 species,accounting for 52.87%of the total.Most of the life forms were cryptophytes,totaling 204 species,accounting for 24.91%of the total.In the distribution pattern,there are more species in the mountains of southern Hunan,western Hunan and Eastern Hunan,and fewer species in the Dongting Lake area of northern Hunan,hilly areas of central Hunan and Eastern Hunan.Among the protection values,there are 326 kinds of greening ornamental plants,accounting for 39.80%of the total.Secondly,there are 298 kinds of edible plant resources,accounting for 36.38%of the total3.Endangered characteristicsThe threatened status(endangerment)of 819 important agricultural wild plants in Hunan Province was evaluated.The results showed that 314 species(57 extremely endangered,103 endangered and 154 vulnerable)were threatened,accounting for 38.34%of the total.There are 141 species near threat(near threatened),accounting for 17.22%of the total;351 species low danger,accounting for 42.86%of the total4.Construction of Agricultural Wild Plants Database in Hunan ProvinceThe agricultural wild plant resource database of hunan province is constructed,which includes five functional modules including species database,entry retrieval,distribution point retrieval,system data management,system management and sub-databases of each module.It contains about 260000 characters information,data information,geographic information and picture information.Through this database,relevant data,information and results can be uploaded or updated continuously,so as to implement the online inquiry and supervision on the information of agricultural and wild plants in the province by relevant competent departments in hunan province,and finally implement the information opening and sharing5.New Discovery of Agricultural Wild Plant Flora in Hunan ProvinceA new species of agricultural wild plants,Primulina longiloba L Zhou&J.Tian,was found in Hunan Province.Six new records plants were recorded,they are Fortunella japonica,Impatiens fenghwaiana,Impatiens ganpiuana,Oreocharis curvituba,Bulbophyllum hirundinis and Cheirostylis chinensis.Two new populations of rare and endangered agricultural wild plants,namely,the populations of Ceratopteris pteridoides and Brasenia schreberi.更多还原