ulabun称谓研究

【作者】 张琳；

【导师】 韩锋；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 历史文献学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 ulabun一般用汉语记音作“乌勒奔”,是满族及其先民在漫长历史发展过程中,形成的记录家族、宗族和民族历史记忆的载体。ulabun自进入学术界视野以来,又相继出现debtelin、juben/julen、满洲书(manju bithe)和满族说部(艺术)等称谓,学人对其诸多称谓莫衷一是。并且,已经出现基于上述称谓而做出的各种解释;其中部分解释与ulabun的本意已经相去甚远。众多的称谓不仅反映了不同学术背景研究者的价值取向,而且对称谓的阐释、解读以及对文本的进一步研究也产生了至关重要的影响。ulabun在清代以来的文鉴和辞典当中的释义只有纪传之传和经传之传,而且在ulabun传承人的阐释中也提到,ulabun不应当被视作小说,而是满族传统的家史和族史记录方式。在清代官修的各类史书中“ulabun”也是被翻译作“传”。通过对传承人诸多说法的整理,可以看出ulabun与debtelin、julen/jubun、满洲书有显著的区别;说部在汉语中是指小说,而“满族说部”一词只能突出民族属性而在语意上存在问题,因而作为ulabun的汉语译词,显然也是不合适的。满族因为深受萨满文化之祖先信仰的影响,所以ulabun一直以口授的形式流传,以最初的木石骨棒到后来的文字提纲为辅助记录手段。从现存的文献资料来看,满族的ulabun口述史传统最早可以追述到金代建国以前。这种口述史传统在鲜卑、契丹、蒙古等北方民族中也都普遍存在,其中《蒙古秘史》就是蒙古族口述史传统向文本形式转化的典范。因而,“ulabun”一词应当译作“传”,“传”更与ulabun的产生渊源和内涵更为符合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ulabun,commonly known as "ulabun" in Chinese,is the carrier of recording family,clan and national historical memory formed by manchu and its ancestors in the long historical development process.Since ulabun came into the academic field,titles such as debtelin,juben/julen,manju bithe and manchu preaching department(art)have appeared successively.Scholars have no agreement on many titles of ulabun.Moreover,various interpretations based on the above appellation have appeared;Some of the explanations have fallen far short of what ulabun intended.Many appellation not only reflect the value orientation of researchers with different academic backgrounds,but also have a crucial impact on the interpretation,interpretation and further study of the text of appellation.The definitions of ulabun in the wenjian and dictionary since the qing dynasty are only the records of records and classics.In addition,ulabun’s successors also mentioned that ulabun should not be regarded as a novel,but a traditional way of recording family history and family history of manchu."Ulabun" is also translated as "biography" in all kinds of historical books written by officials in the qing dynasty.Through sorting out many statements of the inheritors,it can be seen that ulabun is significantly different from debtelin,julen/jubun and manchuria books.Storytelling refers to novels in Chinese,and the word "manchu storytelling" can only highlight the ethnic attribute but has some semantic problems,so it is obviously inappropriate for it to be a Chinese translation of ulabun.Influenced by the ancestral beliefs of shaman culture,the ulabun has been handed down by dictation,with the initial wooden and stone bone sticks and later written Outlines as auxiliary recording means.According to the existing documents,the oral history tradition of the manchu ulabun can be traced back to before the founding of the jin dynasty.Such oral history tradition also exists in xianbei,kidan,Mongolia and other northern nationalities,among which the secret history of Mongolia is a model of the transformation of Mongolian oral history tradition into text form.Therefore,the word "ulabun" should be translated as "zhuan",which is more consistent with the origin and connotation of ulabun.更多还原