【作者】 张勤；

【导师】 李铁强；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 西方经济学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以经济社会学的理论为基础,通过对湖北仙桃农村进行实地调研,探讨了农民随礼行为对社会资本构建的作用,及其对农民收入增长的实际影响。首先,考察了农民社会资本的构建过程。农民的社会资本可细分为9个维度,即预期功能性、关系延续性、资源网络、认可度、互惠、网络密度、冲突处理、关系满意度和人情消费金额。计量分析表明,社会资本对农民收入具有显著的正向作用。其次,利用分位数回归法分析社会资本对不同收入家庭的影响。研究发现,第一,对于低收入阶层群体而言,随礼行为带来的对关系网的扩张作用有利于提升其家庭人均年收入,缩小其与中高等阶层的收入差异。第二,随礼行为所展现的互惠关系越紧密,农民家庭收入越高。第三,网络密度对中低收入阶层的收入具有正向影响,即对于中低收入阶层的农民来说需要随礼的社会关系占个人整体的社会关系比例越高,家庭人均年收入越高,而随着收入的增高,若需随礼的人群占有其过多的社会关系,则会对其收入带来负面效应。第四,对冲突处理而言,该变量对各阶层的农民家庭收入均具有正向作用,这说明农民若能克服困难,“咬咬牙”尽可能完成随礼,则该随礼行为背后所隐含的社会资源会对其收入带来一定的收益。第五,关系满意度以及人情消费金额对各阶层的农民家庭收入均具有正向作用,且系数值显著,说明若个人对人情消费态度越积极,投入越多,其收入越高,这说明对人情所带来的社会资源的重视可对农民收入带来正向效应。总之,随礼行为所带来的社会资源,对农民家庭收入均有一定的促进作用,特别是对一些低收入的家庭来说适当的增加对社会资本的投资,有助于提高家庭人均年收入,缩小与中高阶层的差距。但是在随礼方面过多的投入,可能会挤占对生产资本的投资。此外,研究还表明,人均土地面积对农民收入具有一定的负向作用,表明由于土地所带来的经济效益有限,若农民过于依赖传统的行业如务农,可能会导致其无法达到从事其他非农行业可获得的同等收入水平;受教育程度对低收入阶层农民的收入有正向影响,表明相对于高收入阶层而言,教育会给低收入阶层带来更高的的经济回报;年龄的增长对各阶层的收入均有负面影响,即随着年龄的增加,劳动能力下降,农民获得的经济收益减少;党员的收入比非党员的收入高;女性的收入比男性收入高。根据上述研究,提出如下政策建议:第一,合理利用社会资本。基于社会资本对农民的收入有着显著的正向作用,应鼓励农民积极交往,增强人际网络。另外,随礼行为虽然能给人们带来效益,但是过分的强调随礼的重要性,也会使其演变成一种负担。因此,要对农民随礼活动进行正确的引导。第二,应加大对教育的投入。农民社会资本能与人力资本相互促进,加大对农民能力上和精神上的教育力度,使其成为一个“有文化、懂技术、会经营”的新型农民。第三,加快发展现代农业。通过农民的社会网络,促进农户之间在生产和销售方面的协作,克服小农经营的各种局限性,引入资本与技术,扩大投资,改革生产模式,加快实现农村现代化转型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the theory of economic sociology,this paper explores the role of peasant behavior in the construction of social capital and its actual impact on farmers’income growth through field research on Xiantao countryside in Hubei.Firstly,the construction process of farmers’social capital was examined.The social capital of farmers can be subdivided into nine dimensions,namely expected function,relationship continuity,resource network,recognition,reciprocity,network density,conflict handling,relationship satisfaction and human consumption.Econometric analysis shows that social capital has a significant positive effect on farmers’ income.Secondly,using the quantile regression method to analyze the impact of social capital on different income families,the study found that,for the low-income groups,the expansion of the relationship network brought about by the ritual acts is conducive to the improvement of their family per capita.Annual income,narrowing its income gap with the middle and upper classes.Second,the closer the reciprocal relationship shown by the ritual behavior is,the higher the income of the peasant family will be.Third,the network density has a positive impact on the income of the middle-and low-income groups.That is,for the middle-and low-income groups,the social relationship that requires the courtesy of the society to account for the overall social relationship of the individual,the higher the annual per capita income of the family.With the increase in income,if the people who need to attend the ceremony have too much social relationship,it will have a negative effect on their income.Fourth,for the conflict management,this variable has a positive effect on the income of the peasants’families at all levels.This shows that if the residents can overcome the difficulties and"bite the teeth" as much as possible,then the sacred behavior is hidden behind The social resources contained will bring certain benefits to its income.Fifth,relationship satisfaction and the amount of human consumption have a positive effect on the income of farmers in all classes,and the coefficient value is significant,indicating that if the individual’s attitude toward human consumption is more positive,the more the investment,the higher the income,which means The emphasis on social resources brought about by human sentiment can have a positive effect on residents’ income.In short,the social resources brought about by the ritual behavior have a certain role in promoting the income of the peasants’ families,especially for some low-income families to increase the investment in social capital,which will help to increase the per capita annual income of the family.,narrow the gap with the middle and high class.However,too much investment in the ceremony may crowd out investment in production capital.In addition,the study also shows that the per capita land area has a certain negative effect on the income of the residents,indicating that due to the limited economic benefits brought by the land,if the residents rely too much on traditional industries such as farming,it may lead to their inability to reach other non-agricultural The same level of income available to the industry;the level of education has a positive impact on the income of low-income farmers,indicating that education will bring higher economic returns to the lower-income class than the high-income class;It has a negative impact on the income of all walks of life,that is,as the age increases,the labor capacity decreases,the economic benefits of the residents decrease;the income of party members is higher than that of non-party members;the income of women is higher than that of men.Based on the above research,we propose the following policy:First,the rational use of social capital.Based on the fact that social capital has a significant positive effect on the income of farmers,farmers should be encouraged to actively interact and strengthen the network.In addition,although the act of ritual can bring benefits to people,excessive emphasis on the importance of ritual will also turn it into a burden.Therefore,it is necessary to give correct guidance to the peasants’ ritual activities.Second,we should increase investment in education.The peasant’s social capital can be mutually promoted with human capital,and the peasants’ ability and spiritual education will be strengthened,making it a new type of peasant with "culture,technology,and management".Third,accelerate the development of modern agriculture.Through the social network of farmers,promote the cooperation between farmers in production and sales,overcome various limitations of smallholder management,introduce capital and technology,expand investment,reform production mode,and accelerate the transformation of rural modernization.更多还原