【作者】 李鑫；

【导师】 任红玉； 张兴文；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 黑龙江是重要的水稻产出地,但低温冷害时有发生,加上土壤中有效硅含量逐年降低,这些都制约了水稻产量的进一步提高。本试验选用水稻东农427,在人工气候箱中模拟低温处理,在水稻苗期对其叶片喷施Si-La(硅与镧的复合制剂),Si-Ce(硅与铈的复合制剂),Si-T-G(以正硅酸四乙酯为原料制成),Si-E-G(以稻壳灰为原料制成),Si-60-G(3-缩水甘油醚基丙基三甲基硅烷为原料制成)五种硅制剂,并设置对照组CK(等量蒸馏水)。一周后将水稻在预先设置好的低温环境下处理3、5、7天,探究不同硅制剂作用下水稻叶片的丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量,过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性的影响,以及对水稻土壤中几种主要形态硅素含量的影响。本研究为合理使用硅制剂增强水稻苗期抗低温胁迫能力,及低温下硅制剂对不同形态硅素之间转化的影响提供了试验依据,这对保证黑龙江水稻的高产和稳产及硅肥的研发都有重要的意义。研究结果表明:(1)在低温胁迫条件下,适宜的硅制剂对水稻叶片相应的生理生化指标具有一定的调控作用,其中Si-E-G处理效果最好,其次是Si-60-G处理,显著提高水稻苗期抗低温能力。与CK相比,Si-60-G处理的苗期水稻叶片丙二醛含量显著降低60.77%(7天);Si-E-G处理的脯氨酸含量显著增加30.49%(7天);Si-La处理的可溶性糖含量显著增加26.65%(5天);Si-E-G处理使过氧化物酶活性较CK显著升高53.62%(3天),Si-60-G处理使过氧化氢酶活性较CK升高3.26%(3天)。(2)不同的硅制剂均可以使土壤有效硅、活性硅、无定形硅、水溶性硅含量增加。其中Si-E-G处理最好,它使土壤有效硅、活性硅、无定形硅、水溶性硅含量分别较CK增加16.15%-18.08%、11.30%-21.70%、14.36%-16.07%、48.73%-84.06%,达到显著水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heilongjiang is an important rice producing area,but low temperature chilling occurs,and the effective silicon content in the soil decreases year by year,which restricts the further increase of rice yield.In this experiment,rice Dongnong 427 was used to simulate low temperature treatment in artificial climate chamber.Si-La(composite preparation of silicon and germanium)and Si-Ce(composite preparation of silicon and germanium)were sprayed on the leaves of rice seedlings.Si-T-G(made from tetraethyl orthosilicate),Si-E-G(made from rice husk ash),Si-60-G(3-glycidyl ether propyl trimethylsilane)The raw materials were made into five kinds of silicon preparations,and the control group CK(equal amount of distilled water)was set.After one week,the rice was treated in a pre-set low temperature environment for 3,5,and 7 days to explore the malondialdehyde,proline,soluble sugar content,catalase and peroxidase of rice leaves under different silicon preparations.The effects of activity and the effects of several major forms of silicon in rice soils.This study provides a test basis for the rational use of silicon preparations to enhance the ability of rice seedlings to resist low temperature stress,and the effect of silicon preparations on the conversion between different forms of silicon at low temperatures.This guarantees the high yield and stable yield of rice in Heilongjiang and the development of silicon fertilizer.Is of great significance.Research indicates:(1)Under the condition of low temperature stress,the suitable silicon preparation has a certain regulation effect on the corresponding physiological and biochemical indexes of rice leaves.Si-60-G,Si-E-G and Si-La have the best treatment effect,which significantly improves the rice seedling stage.Compared with CK,the content of malondialdehyde in the seedling stage of Si-60-G treatment decreased significantly by 60.77%(7 days);the content of proline in Si-E-G treatment increased by 30.49%(P<0.05)(7 days)The soluble sugar content of Si-La treatment increased by 26.65%(P<0.05)(5 days);Si-E-G treatment increased the peroxidase activity by53.62%(P<0.05)(3 days),Si-60-G treatment increased catalase activity by 3.26%(P < 0.05)(3days)compared to CK.(2)Different silicon preparations can increase the content of soil available silicon,activated silicon,amorphous silicon and water-soluble silicon.Among them,Si-E-G treatment is the best,which increases soil available silicon,activated silicon,amorphous silicon and water-solublesilicon by16.15%-18.08%,11.30%-21.70%,14.36%-16.07% and 48.73%-84.06%,reaching a significant level.更多还原