【作者】 李西林；

【导师】 卞建民；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 地下水科学与工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 松原市土壤盐碱化严重,降水量较少,生态系统脆弱,近年来,修建河湖连通工程和松原灌区工程来改善区域生态环境,但水利工程的开发对区域内的地下水产生一定的污染,如灌溉回归水的渗入对地下水水质产生污染,从而对地下水水源地的安全状况产生威胁。因此,有必要了解松原地下水水源地的安全情况。本文首先进行水利工程开发前后研究区土地利用变化和地下水水源地水质变化研究。然后,综合运用SPSS软件数理统计法、Schoeller图解法和Piper三角图示法、离子比例系数法和吉布斯图法,对比分析了水利工程建设前后两个时段该区水源地的水化学特征。利用数理统计分析法计算研究区地下水环境背景值,采用极值型综合污染指数法进行了水源地地下水污染评价。最后,依据研究区内地下水水源地的实际情况和当地的生态环境状况,构建了适合研究区地下水水源地安全综合评价的指标体系,并建立地下水水源地安全综合评价模型对研究区内的主要的10个地下水水源地进行安全综合评价。论文取得的研究成果如下:1、通过对比分析2010年和2018年松原市土地利用情况,水利工程建设前后该区水田面积增加了1.9万公顷;草地面积增加了1万公顷;旱地和盐碱地的面积有所减少,旱地面积由123.3万公顷减少至122.7万公顷,盐碱地面积由27.7万公顷减少至25.1万公顷。2、利用水利工程建设前后两个时段的水源地水样点水质数据,采用模糊数学综合评价法对水源地进行水质评价。2010年水源地地下水水样点中Ⅰ类水、Ⅱ类水和Ⅲ类水占总数的80%,Ⅳ类水和Ⅴ类水占总数的20%,2017年水源地地下水水样点中Ⅰ类水、Ⅱ类水和Ⅲ类水占总数的72.5%,Ⅳ类水和Ⅴ类水占总数的27.5%,2017年水源地水样点的水质情况比2010年稍差,其原因可能为水利工程建设后部分区域农业活动过程中农药、化肥中的残留物随着灌溉回归水渗入到地下水中产生污染,水质变差。3、利用研究区2010、2017年水源地地下水水样点的水化学数据,系统分析水源地地下水的水化学组分特征、水化学类型特征和水化学特征成因分析。2010和2017年水源地地下水中阳离子均以Ca²⁺、Na⁺和Mg²⁺为主,阴离子以HCO₃^-和Cl^-为主;2010年和2017年水源地地下水化学类型主要为HCO₃-Ca·Na型和HCO₃-Ca·Na·Mg型,整体上变化不明显;水源地地下水中水化学特征受蒸发/沉淀作用和岩石风化作用影响。4、利用数理统计分析法对地下水环境背景值进行计算,并结合极值型综合污染指数法对水源地地下水进行污染评价。2017年研究区水源地地下水采样点的综合污染评价结果中Ⅲ级（中度污染）到Ⅴ级（严重污染）的水样点共13个,占总数的32.5%,未受污染和轻度污染的水样点有27个,占67.5%。5、基于本文构建的地下水水源地安全综合评价的指标体系及地下水水源地安全综合评价模型,对研究区的10个主要的地下水水源地进行安全综合评价。9号水源地的综合安全指数E为1.67,安全评价结果为比较安全,1号、2号、6号、7号、8号和10号水源地的综合安全指数E均在2-3之间,安全评价结果均为基本安全,3号、4号和5号水源地的综合安全指数E均大于3,安全评价结果均为较不安全。其中9号扶余自来水公司水源地所在的扶余县境内石油化工类企业较少,对地下水的污染程度较小,水源地环境状况良好,水质安全评价结果较好。3号扶余采油厂水源地、4号新民采油厂水源地和5号新木采油厂水源地,这三个水源地均位于宁江区,周边石油化工类企业较多,主要取水用途均为工业用水,水源地地下水水质较差,地下水中的NH₄⁺、NO₃^-、Fe和F^-含量较大,水质安全评价的结果较差。更多还原

【Abstract】 Songyuan City has serious soil salinization,less precipitation and fragile ecosystem.In recent years,the construction of river-lake connectivity project and Songyuan irrigation district project has been carried out to improve the regional ecological environment.However,the development of water conservancy projects has caused certain pollution to the groundwater in the region.For example,the infiltration of irrigation backwater pollutes groundwater quality,posing a threat to the safety of groundwater sources.Therefore,it is necessary for us to understand the safety of the groundwater source in Songyuan.This paper first studies the land use change and the change of groundwater source water quality after the development of water conservancy projects.Then,using SPSS software mathematical statistics method,Schoeller graphic method and Piper triangle graphic method,ion proportional coefficient method and Gibbs graph method,the water chemistry characteristics of the water source area in the two periods after the construction of water conservancy project are compared and analyzed.The background value of groundwater environment in the study area was calculated by mathematical statistics analysis,and the groundwater pollution assessment of the water source was carried out by using the extreme value comprehensive pollution index method.Finally,based on the actual situation of groundwater source in the study area and the local ecological environment,an index system suitable for comprehensive safety evaluation of groundwater source in the study area was constructed,and a comprehensive safety evaluation model of groundwater source was established.Comprehensive groundwater safety assessments were carried out on 10groundwater sources.The research results obtained in the thesis are as follows:1.Through comparative analysis of land use in Songyuan City in 2010 and 2018,the area of paddy fields in the area increased by 19,000 hectares;the area of grassland increased by 10,000 hectares;The area of dry land and saline-alkali land decreased,the area of dry land decreased from 1.23 million hectares to 1.227 million hectares,and the area of saline-alkali land decreased from 277,000 hectares to 251,000 hectares after the construction of water conservancy projects.2.The water quality data of the water source sites were evaluated by the fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method using the water quality data of the water source water samples after the construction of the water conservancy project.In2010,Class I water,Class II water and Class III water accounted for 80%of the total.The Class IV water and V water accounted for 20%of the total.In 2017,Class I.Water,Class II water and Class III water accounted for 72.5%of the total,and Type IV water and Class V water accounted for 27.5%of the total in the water samples of groundwater water source.3.The water quality of the water source in 2017 is slightly worse than that in2010.The reason may be that the residues in pesticides and fertilizers in the agricultural activities in some areas after the construction of the water conservancy project will infiltrate into the groundwater with the return of irrigation.The water quality is getting worse.4.The mathematical background analysis method was used to calculate the background value of groundwater environment,and combined with the extreme value comprehensive pollution index method to evaluate the pollution of groundwater in the water source.In 2017,the comprehensive pollution assessment results of groundwater sampling points in the water source area of the study area included 13 water samples from Class III（moderate pollution）to Class V（severe pollution）,accounting for 32.5%of the total,uncontaminated and slightly polluted.There are 27 water samples,accounting for 67.5%.5.Based on the index system of comprehensive evaluation of groundwater source safety and the comprehensive evaluation model of groundwater source safety,this paper conducts a comprehensive safety evaluation of 10 major groundwater sources in the study area.The comprehensive safety index E of the water source No.9is 1.67,and the safety evaluation result is relatively safe.The comprehensive safety index E of the water sources of No.1,No.2,No.6,No.7,No.8 and No.10 is between2-3.,the safety evaluation results are basic safety.The comprehensive safety index E of the water source of No.3,No.4 and No.5 is greater than 3,and the safety evaluation results are all less safe.There are fewer petrochemical enterprises in Fuyu County where the water source of No.9 Fuyu Water Supply Company is located,the pollution degree to groundwater is small,the environmental condition of the water source is good,and the water quality safety evaluation result is better.No.3 Fuyu Oil Production Plant Water Source,No.4 Xinmin Oil Production Plant Water Source and No.5 Xinmu Oil Production Plant Water Source.These three water sources are located in Ningjiang District,and there are many petrochemical enterprises nearby.The main water use applications are industrial.Water,water source groundwater quality is poor,NH₄⁺,NO₃^-,Fe and F^-content in groundwater is large,and the results of water quality safety evaluation are poor.更多还原