【作者】 赵东海；

【导师】 吴敬；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 考古学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 以火焚烧尸骨的做法最早可追溯至史前时期,作为一种丧葬形式,火葬因有悖于中国传统儒家理论,在相当长的时期内不被大众理解和接受,只存在于部分边远少数民族地区。逮至唐末五代时期,汉人采用火葬的记载开始见诸于历史文献,并发现少量考古实例。宋元以降,虽然统治者和官僚士大夫们为维护伦理纲常和统治秩序极力禁止火葬,不过在佛教世俗化和大众化程度不断加深、普通民众经济水平低下、火葬自身具有优点等诸多因素的综合作用之下,火葬不但屡禁不止,反而蔚然成风,成为当时重要的丧葬形式,以致对后世的丧葬制度和社会风俗都产生了极其深远的影响。本文通过系统梳理相关考古材料,采用考古类型学方法,根据统一的分类标准和原则,对宋元时期长城以南地区火葬墓的墓葬形制和葬具种类进行类型划分,并以墓葬形制和葬具种类的差异为切入点,将长城以南地区的火葬墓分为五大区,分别为:长城以南的北方地区、黄河中下游地区、长江上游地区、东部沿海地区和岭南地区。同时针对材料丰富、年代序列完整的地区,进一步划分亚区和分期,并总结各区的特征。在熟悉各区宋元时期火葬墓面貌的基础上,本文依据文献记载与考古发现,梳理宋元时期火葬流行的原因,并从传统尸骨葬墓和其他地域因素两方面深入剖析宋元火葬墓区域特征差异的成因,以期加深学界对宋元时期长城以南地区火葬墓的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 Burning bones by fire can be traced back to the prehistoric period.As a form of funeral,cremation is contrary to the traditional Confucian theory in China.It has not been understood and accepted by the public for quite a long time and only exists in some remote minority areas.By the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties,the cremation records of the Han people began to appear in historical documents,and a small number of archaeological examples were found.Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties,although rulers and bureaucrats tried to prohibit cremation in order to maintain ethical norms and rule order,cremation was not only repeatedly prohibited,but became an important form of funeral at that time because of the comprehensive effects of many factors,such as the increasing secularization and popularity of Buddhism,the low economic level of ordinary people and the advantages of cremation itself.Zhi had a profound impact on the funeral system and social customs of later generations.By systematically sorting out the relevant archaeological materials,adopting the method of archaeological typology,and according to the unified classification criteria and principles,this paper classifies the types of tombs and burial implements in the area south of the Great Wall in the Song and Yuan Dynasties,and divides the crematorial tombs in the area south of the Great Wall into five regions,namely,the north to the south of the Great Wall.Areas,the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,the eastern coastal areas and Lingnan areas.At the same time,for regions with abundant materials and complete chronological sequence,the sub-regions and stages are further divided,and the characteristics of each region are summarized.On the basis of familiarity with the features of cremation tombs in Song and Yuan dynasties,this paper combs the reasons for the popularity of cremation in Song and Yuan dynasties,and deeply analyses the causes of the differences in the regional characteristics of cremation tombs in Song and Yuan dynasties from the aspects of traditional bony tombs and the religious beliefs of the tomb owners,with a view to deepening the academic circles’ understanding of the south of the Great Wall in Song and Yuan Understanding of regional cremation tombs.更多还原