【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 范丽娟；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 玛雅·安吉洛是美国当代最具有创造力的非裔女作家之一,也是当代美国女诗人中的杰出代表。她著作颇丰,其中包括自传体小说以及诗歌。她的作品蕴含着为黑人民族追求真正的自由与平等的主旨与诉求,批判了当时美国社会与政治中存在的弊端,尤其是种族歧视给社会以及给黑人同胞带来的伤痛与影响。《我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱》是玛雅·安吉洛的第一部自传体小说,也是其最著名的一部作品。这部作品以作者的童年为原型,描写玛格丽特三岁时与哥哥贝利·约翰逊自父母离异后被送到居住在斯坦普斯的祖母安妮·约翰逊家中,直至十六岁成为一名未婚妈妈的经历。这部小说体现了对黑人女性权利的关注,也体现了对于社会道德和黑人民族文化的关注,为黑人的解放与胜利作出巨大贡献。1969年,此书一经出版引起巨大反响,并荣获1970年美国国家图书奖的提名,赢得很多国内外评论家和学者的评论与赞赏。本文运用文学伦理学批评方法分析这部作品,以文学伦理学批评的三个核心术语:伦理环境、伦理身份以及伦理意识分别对这部作品进行道德分析,发现作品中蕴含的伦理道德问题,探究引发这些道德问题的原因,体现作品中的伦理道德层面,为现代社会提供深刻的启示与教诲。本文共分为六个部分,引言部分简要介绍玛雅·安吉洛及其作品《我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱》、国内外研究现状以及本篇论文框架。第一章是理论基础,主要介绍文学伦理学批评的起源与发展以及三个核心术语:伦理环境、伦理身份以及伦理意识的定义,从而更深入地理解并准确地运用这一批评方法分析这部作品中的伦理道德内涵。第二章阐述了这部作品在当时的伦理环境中存在的两种压迫,即种族压迫与性别压迫。林肯医生拒绝为玛格丽特治病等黑人遭受不平等对待的实例,反映了在种族压迫下,黑人民族备受歧视与侮辱的现实。而贝利与薇薇安的婚姻破裂,各自重组家庭,是父权制社会中性别压迫下的一种必然结果。第三章以玛格丽特与父母的关系阐述伦理身份的缺失,以玛格丽特遭受继父强暴和贝利的恋母情结来论述伦理身份的混乱。第四章以祖母安妮·约翰逊与弗劳尔斯夫人对玛格丽特的影响,即觉醒的外部因素与自我对经济独立与性别独立的追求,即内部因素论述玛格丽特伦理意识的觉醒。最后一章是结论,总结全文。通过运用文学伦理学批评分析这部作品中的道德现象并阐述引发道德现象背后的伦理原因,为这部作品的研究提供了新的视角,对于这部作品的研究有很重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Maya Angelou is recognized as one of the most creative African-American women writers in modern America and she is also an outstanding representative of contemporary American poetess.She created many excellent works in her life time,including autobiographical novels and poems.Her works contain the theme and requirement of pursuing freedom and equality for the black nation and criticize the malpractices of American society and politics,especially the pain and influence of racial discrimination on the society and black people.The first autobiographical novel created by her,I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings,was also known as her most famous autobiographical work.The work mainly describes the experience of the heroin with little Maya Angelou as the prototype.It tells that Marguerite,a three-year-old girl and her elder brother,Bailey Johnson,were sent to live together with their grandmother,Anne Johnson,in the southern town of Stamps after their parents divorced,till she became a 16-year-old unmarried mother.This novel reflects that the attention was paid not only to the rights of the black women,but also to the social morals and the black culture,making great contributions to the liberation and victory of the black people.Therefore,once the book was published in 1969,it became a hit instantly,and it was nominated for the National Book Award in 1970,receiving many honors and lots of excellent comments and praise from many domestic and foreign critics,as well as the scholars.This paper conducts relevant analysis on this work by employing the method of ethical literary criticism and carries out moral analysis of this work according to the three core terms of ethical literary criticism: ethical environment,ethical identity and ethical consciousness for the purpose of finding out the ethical problems contained by it,deeply exploring the causes of these ethical issues,and embodying the ethical and moral aspects reflected in this work,which is expected to bring the profound enlightenment and edification to the modern society.This paper can be generally divided into six parts.The introduction part focuses on the introduction of Maya Angelou and her work I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings,literature review and thesis statement.The first chapter is mainly about the theoretical foundation,and it mainly introduces the origin and development of ethical literary criticism and the definition of the three core terms existing in ethical literary criticism,which are ethical environment,ethical identity and ethical consciousness so that it could be deeply understood and applied accurately to this novel to analyze the ethical connotation.The second chapter expounds the two kinds of oppression shown in the ethical environment during that period of time,namely the racial oppression and the gender oppression.Lots of unequal treatment the black suffered from in the novel,like Doctor Lincoln refused to treat Marguerite,which reflected the reality that the black were discriminated and insulted under the racial oppression.The broken marriage between Bailey and Vivian,recombining the family separately was an inevitable result under the gender oppression in patriarchal society.Then,chapter three illustrates the lack of ethical identity from the angle of Marguerite’s relationship with her parents and it further introduces the confusion of ethical identity from Marguerite’s being raped by her stepfather and Bailey’s Oedipus Complex.Chapter four attaches importance to the awakening of Marguerite’s ethical consciousness from two aspects: the external and internal factors.The external factors are the influence of grandmother Anne Johnson and Mrs.Flowers and the internal factors are Marguerite tries her best to achieve the economic and sexual independence.The last chapter is the conclusion part.The interpretation of this work,the analysis on the moral phenomenon,and the expounding of the ethical reasons behind the moral phenomenon through applying the method of ethical literary criticism do provide this paper with a new perspective during the study of this work,which consequently is of great significance to the study of this work.更多还原