【作者】 屈勇；

【导师】 翟保平；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪以来,水稻两迁害虫(稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟)在亚洲地区暴发频繁,已成为水稻安全生产的巨大威胁。水稻两迁害虫具有远距离迁飞性、突发性、暴发性和毁灭性的特点。广西作为最初迁入中国大陆的主要门户,广西水稻两迁害虫的发生情况对全国其他稻区的发生预测和防控策略有着至关重要的作用。南宁作为桂中地区的代表城市,对该地空中种群动态及其种群的季节性变化规律的研究可以为水稻两迁害虫的异地预测和源头治理提供科学依据。研究水稻上重要天敌的季节性种群动态,可为利用天敌防治害虫提供技术支持。本文利用自动分时段取样的探照灯诱虫器设备在20116年对以南宁为代表的桂中地区的水稻两迁害虫的迁飞行为及重要天敌的种群动态进行了系统观测,明确了多种昆虫夜晚的扑灯节律,阐明了水稻两迁害虫在华南稻区的季节性空中迁飞规律。通过田间系统调查、雌蛾卵巢系统解剖阐释了广西水稻两迁害虫种群性质及田间种群动态。本研究主要获得了以下结果:2016年广西南宁地区高空探照灯诱虫结果表明,昆虫种类和数量随季节变化明显。不同月份捕虫种类数比较,3月份和12月份显著低于其他月份;不同月份捕虫数量比较,3、4、12月份明显低于其他月份(P<0.05)。不同时间段捕获的昆虫数量差异显著,19:00-21:00和05:00-07:00捕获的昆虫数量显著多于21:00-05:00(P<0.05),不同时间段捕获的昆虫种类差异不显著(P>0.05)。水稻两迁害虫及黑肩绿盲蝽等重要天敌在探照灯诱虫器下存在着明显的季节性变化,平均诱集数量在不同月份之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。稻纵卷叶螟、白背飞虱和褐飞虱田间种群动态与空中种群动态基本一致,有明显的突增突减现象,稻纵卷叶螟早稻灯下和田间蛾量多于晚稻蛾量,第3代和第6代为主要防治世代。白背飞虱早稻灯下及田间虫量多于晚稻虫量,第2代和第6代为主要发生世代。褐飞虱晚稻灯下及田间虫量多于早稻虫量,第8代为主要发生世代。白背飞虱早稻和晚稻田间发生量在分蘖期至拔节期最大,褐飞虱田间发生量集中在晚稻蜡熟期至收割。稻纵卷叶螟第2、3代以外地迁入为主,第4代大部迁出,第6代本地繁殖为主,部分迁入,第7代本地繁殖为主,部分迁出。白背飞虱第2、3、6代以外地迁入为主。褐飞虱第第7代为本地繁殖型,第8代本地繁殖为主,部分迁出。在整个观测期内,高空探照灯下,除 21:00-22:00、06:00-07:00 与 19:00-20:00 外,其他时间段与 19:00-20:00 的稻纵卷叶螟雌雄构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除20:00-21:00、与19:00-20:00外,其他时间段与19:00-20:00的白背飞虱雌雄构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。03:00-04:00、04:00-05:00、05:00-06:00与19:00-20:00的褐飞虱雌雄构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在扑灯的特大高峰日和高峰日稻纵卷叶螟、白背飞虱和褐飞虱并未明显表现晨暮双峰型中任何一种上灯节律。黑肩绿盲蝽等七类天敌昆虫2016年平均诱集数量在不同月份之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。黑肩绿盲蝽和褐飞虱有明显伴迁的现象,在探照灯下的诱虫量和田间的发生量存在显著正相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 21st century,there have been frequent outbreaks of paddy pests(rice planthopper and rice leaf folder)in Asia,which has become a huge threat to rice production safety.The two migration of rice insects have characteristics such as long-distance migration,abruptness,fulminating and being destructive.Guangxi acts as the main portal of initially move into mainland of China,the situation of the pest outbreak plays a big role on the pest forecast and prevention and control strategy in other paddy growing areas.Nanning city is a representative city of Guizhong area,the study on its air population and the seasonal change rule can provide scientific evidence to the long distance prediction and source management of the two pests.Technical support can be made for natural enemy pest control through studying the seasonal population dynamics of the natural enemy in the paddy.In this paper,searchlight-trap machine equipment with automatic sampling according to time was used in 2016 to make the systematic observation to the pest migration behavior in Guizhong area with Nanning as a representative,as well as the observation to population dynamic of the natural enemy.Rhythm of various insects flapping to lights has been made clear and the source of two pests in guangxi padding growth as well as the population characteristics and dynamics have been demonstrated.This study has achieved several outcomes as follows:According to the result of high altitude searchlight trap in Nanning,Guangxi region,2016,the insect species and quantity changed significantly with the seasonal change.Compare the insect species in different months,we found that the amounts in March and December are much lower than other months.Compare the quantity,we observed that the quantity in March,April and December were significantly lower than other months (P<0.05).The differences of insects quantity can be obvious in different time periods,the quantity captured during 19:00-21:00 was much higher than 21:00-05:00(P<0.05).There was no significance difference in terms of insect species in different time period(P>0.05).There are obvious seasonal changes when the pests and natural enemies like cyrtorhinus lividipenn are exposed under detective light trap.There is a significant difference in terms of average trap quantity in different months(P<0.01)· The population dynamics of rice leaf folder,white-backed planthopper and brown planthopper is similar as that in the air and there are obvious sudden rise and drop.The quantity of rice leaf folder and field moth are larger than late rice moth with the second and the sixth as the domain prevention generation.The quantity of white-backed planthopper early rice light and field moth are larger than early rice moth with the eighth as the main generation.The occurrence quantity of white-backed planthopper early rice and late rice field are the most during illering stage and jointing stage.The occurrence quantity of brown planthopper concentrated in late rice ripening period and harvest.Rice leaf folder second and third generations take a priority to outer move-in,the fourth generation mostly emigrates,the sixth generation is mainly locally breed with other part of the immigration,the seventh generation is also mainly locally breed with part of emigration.White-backed planthopper(2,3,6 generation)take a priority to outside immigration.Brown planthopper is locally breed,the 8th generation is mainly locally breed with other part of emigration.During the observation period using high altitude detecting lights,except from 21:00 to 22:00,from 06:00 to 07:00 and from 19:00 to 20:00,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee ’s gender component differences between other periods of time and from 19:00 to 20:00 make sense in statistic(p<0.05).Except from 20:00 to 21:00 and from 19:00 to 20:00,sogatella furcifera’s gender component differences between other periods of time and from 19:00 to 20:00 make sense in statistic(p<0.05).Brown rice planthopper’s gender component differences among from 03:00 to 04:00,from 04:00 to 05:00,from 05:00 to06:00 and from 19:00 to 20:00 make sense in statistic(p<0.05).No significant light rhythm in morning twilight bimodal type is shown among those light-flapping huge peak day and peak-day rice leaf folder,white-backed planthopper and brown planthopper.Seven species of natural enemy insects like Cyrtorhinus lividipennis had a very obvious difference(P<0.01)in different months concerning their average trap quantity in 2016.Significant phenomenon of accompanying migration came out among species such as cyrtorhinus lividipennis and brown planthopper.There was a significant positive correlation between trap-quantity and occurrence quantity in the field under the detecting light.更多还原